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GCSE Geography > Changing People and Places > Flashcards

Changing People and Places Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

What percentage of the UK land area do urban areas cover?

A

Approximately 6%.

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2
Q

What is the population percentage living in urban core areas in the UK?

A

83%.

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3
Q

What are some characteristics of urban core areas?

A
  • Densely populated
  • Infrastructure hubs like train and bus stations
  • Cultural centres such as museums and theatres
  • High property prices
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4
Q

What percentage of the UK land area do rural periphery areas cover?

A

94%.

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5
Q

What are some characteristics of rural periphery areas?

A
  • Lower population density
  • Ageing population
  • Economic activities mainly in primary or tourism
  • Cheaper land prices
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6
Q

What types of settlements are considered rural?

A
  • Villages
  • Hamlets
  • Dispersed settlements
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7
Q

What is the average population density of the UK?

A

281 people per km2.

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8
Q

What is the population density in urban areas like London?

A

Over 5000 people per km2.

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9
Q

What is the average age in major conurbations?

A

37.8 years.

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10
Q

What is the average age in remote rural areas?

A

45.9 years.

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11
Q

What are the main economic activities in rural areas?

A
  • Agriculture
  • Mining
  • Forestry
  • Fishing
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12
Q

What are the average earnings in rural areas compared to urban areas?

A

Rural: £22,500; Urban: £24,300.

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13
Q

What percentage of the workforce in rural areas are homeworkers?

A

22%.

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14
Q

What government policies target deprived areas in the UK?

A
  • ‘Build back better’
  • ‘Levelling up’
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15
Q

What is the purpose of enterprise zones in England?

A
  • Reduced taxes
  • Support with start-up costs
  • Infrastructure improvements
  • Simplified planning
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16
Q

What is the definition of migration?

A

Movement of people across an official boundary with the intention of establishing a permanent residence.

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17
Q

What are the two types of migration?

A
  • Internal (national)
  • International (external)
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18
Q

What are the positive effects of migration?

A
  • Skills gaps are filled
  • Culture is enriched
  • Birth rates are boosted
  • Government tax revenue increases
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19
Q

What are the negative effects of migration?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Pressure on services
  • Discrimination and racial tensions
  • Overcrowding
  • Job competition
20
Q

What was one of the main points of the Brexit vote in 2016?

Study These Flashcards
A

Concerns about immigration and multiculturalism.

21
Q

What are the main economic sectors?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Tertiary
  • Quaternary
22
Q

What is the post-industrial stage of the Clark-Fisher model?

Study These Flashcards
A

Emphasis on service-based tertiary and quaternary sectors.

23
Q

What is the percentage of people employed in tertiary economic activities in the UK as of 2021?

24
Q

What are some reasons for the increase in tertiary economic activities?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • UK as a financial centre
  • Increasing population needs
  • Higher education levels
25
What are the main causes of economic change in the UK?
* De-industrialisation * Global shift of manufacturing * Mechanisation * Globalisation
26
What was the impact of de-industrialisation in the UK?
* Job losses in traditional industries * Areas of deprivation
27
What is the UK's management approach to immigration since the 1950s?
Encouragement of immigration from Commonwealth countries, followed by controls.
28
What system does the UK currently operate for immigration?
A points-based system.
29
What is the UK's average earnings in London as of the latest figures?
£36,800.
30
What significant change occurred in the UK economy from 1979 to 2010?
Privatisation of state-run businesses, leading to job losses and outsourcing ## Footnote This period marks the shift towards a more market-oriented economy.
31
What was the impact of Brexit on the UK economy?
Uncertain future effects on the economy due to the decision to leave the EU ## Footnote The full impact of Brexit is still being assessed.
32
What is one reason for the growth of tertiary employment in the UK?
Increase in sectors like finance and business services due to UK's global role ## Footnote This growth is also driven by rising incomes and consumption.
33
Define globalisation.
Interconnectedness of the world through economics, culture, politics, trade, and tourism ## Footnote Globalisation has led to reduced political borders and increased interdependence.
34
What is time-space compression?
The reduction of time it takes for trade and interaction due to modern transport and communications ## Footnote This concept highlights how globalization has accelerated interactions.
35
What is foreign direct investment (FDI)?
Investment by individuals or firms from abroad in another country ## Footnote This includes investments in people, research, or products.
36
What percentage of the UK's GDP does the financial sector account for?
About 10% ## Footnote The UK is recognized as the world's leading center for financial services.
37
How many people work in the IT sector in the UK?
Over 1.3 million ## Footnote The UK is a leader in the global digital economy.
38
What contribution does the service sector make to the UK's GDP?
Over 85% ## Footnote The rapid growth of this sector has been significant since the 1970s.
39
How many people does the research and development (R&D) sector employ in the UK?
Over 100,000 highly qualified people ## Footnote This sector significantly contributes to the UK economy.
40
What are science parks?
Locations that employ graduates with scientific and technical knowledge, linked to universities ## Footnote There are over 130 science parks in the UK.
41
What is a business park?
Areas occupied by clusters of businesses on urban fringes, benefiting from collaboration ## Footnote These parks often have cheaper land and less congestion.
42
What is one advantage of Transnational Corporations (TNCs) in the UK economy?
Over £1 trillion invested by foreign companies, generating thousands of new jobs ## Footnote TNCs can significantly boost local economies.
43
What is a disadvantage of TNCs in the UK economy?
They can outcompete UK companies due to economies of scale ## Footnote This can lead to challenges for local businesses.
44
True or False: Globalisation is a recent phenomenon.
False ## Footnote Trade has existed for centuries, but modern globalisation has accelerated these processes.
45
Fill in the blank: The UK services sector contributes over _______ of the UK's GDP.
85% ## Footnote This highlights the importance of services in the UK economy.
46
What is one impact of overseas economic problems on UK production?
Threats of closures and job losses ## Footnote TNCs are vulnerable to global economic shifts.

GCSE Geography (12 decks)

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