Chaoter 8 Based On Notes Flashcards
What was America’s first civil war?
American revolution
Main cause of the American revolution
Colonists we’re not given the rights of Englishmen
What did the colonsiss do after lexington and concord?
Laid siege to Boston
Battle of ft Ticonderoga
Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen and his green mountain boys defeat the British and take cannon and move them to Boston
Deceive the battle of bunker hill.
What were the results?
First major battle of the revolution - deadliest
Col. William prescott (American) don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes
Costly British victory (1,100) casualties
Results: 1.) British evacuate Boston
2.) 2nd continental congress (13 colonies) meet in Philadelphia.
Served as our first government
John Hancock was the president
They created an army
And chose George Washington over John Hancock as commander because he had military experience in the French and Indian war and they needed the support of Virginia
Describe the olive branch petition.
What were the results
Continental congress called for a return to the former harmony between Britain and the colonies! Peace!
Results of it:
- ( king George declared the colonists traitors
- ) prohibitory act: great Britain ended all trade with the colonists and set up a blockade
Why did Americans invade Canada?
They hoped the French would join against the British as the fourteenth colonies.
They didn’t
Who wrote the book common sense?
Thomas Paine
What was the book common sense??
A list of reasons why the Americans should declare independence from the British.
Proposed a radical idea called the American 3xperiment (the idea that th3 common peopl3 could rule themselves without the need for a king.
What did Richard Henry lee do?
Proposed a resolution to declare our independence before the continental congress
Who were the five men chosen to draft the Declaration of Independence
John Adams Benjamin Franklin Robert Livingston Roger Sherman Thomas Jefferson - author
When was the Declaration of Independence accepted?
July 4 1776
What were the three ideas and principles expressed in the d3claration of independence
All men are created equal
All men have three god given rights. Life liberty and persuit of happiness
Government is to serve the will of the people
Americans chose sides, what were they?
Tories: loyalists
Patriots: whigs
Neutrals
What is a loyalist
What %
Famous loyalist
Why were they loyalists
Where did most live?
The tories were those who opposed independence and remained loyal to the crown.
20%
William Franklin - son of Benjamin Franklin
Conscience couldn’t let them betray Jobs: worked for the crown Pacifists: quakers Angelica’s clergy Wealthy and had nothing to gain
New York and south
What is a patriot
Why
Where at first
Whigs were those in favor of the revolution
Rights taken away from them
Economic opportunity
Independence
Most were in New England at first
20%
What were the neutrals
65% very hard to stay neutral.
Was the group both sides needed
What were some British advantages
Best trained army
Strong central government
Unlimited supplies and equipment
Some British disadvantages
Unfamiliar territory
Mercenary soldiers (German hessians)
Not fully supported at home
American advantages
Fighting for the cause of independence
Leadership if George Washington
Foreign aid
Defensive war and territory
American disadvantages
Poorly trained
Not United
Very little money for food and equipment
No real government
What do the British do after evacuating Boston?
They invade NYC
Describe the battles of NYC Overall British commander. How many? American? Story Results
Over all British commander: gen William Howe 35,000
American: George Washington 18,000 mostly malitia
Story: George washing was offered a pardon but refused saying those who have committed no fault want no pardon.
Army was trapped up against a river and a mysterious fog protected his armies retreat. Gods protection
Americans loose all three battles because of their inexperience and fear
Results:
British occupy New York
Most Americans deserted the army
(Charles lee Washington’s second in command is captured
Lowest point in war all looked lost)
What two events help the Americans to boost morale and save the cause?
- ) Thomas Paine writes the crisis. These are the times that try men’s souls… summer soldier and sunshine patriot he was challenging their manhood
- ) battle of Trenton surprise attack the day after Christmas - Americans win!
