Chap 1

Question 0

Form of content continuum that functions together and reacts to stimuli and inhibitors together

Answer 0

ECM & Cells

Question 1

The study of the tissues of the body and how these tissues are arranged to constitute organs

Answer 1

Histology

Question 2

small pieces of tissue are placed in solutions of chemicals that preserved by cross-linking proteins and in activating degradative enzymes

Answer 2

Fixation

Question 3

The tissue is transferred through a series of increasingly concentrated alcohol solutions ending in 100% which removes all water

Answer 3

Dehydration

Question 4

Alcohol is removed in toluene or other agents in which both alcohol and Harrison are Misccible

Answer 4

Clearing

Question 5

The tissue is then placed in melted paraffin until it becomes completely and infiltrated with this substance

Answer 5

Infiltration

Question 6

The paraffin infiltrated tissue is placed in a small mold with melted paraffin and allowed to harden

Answer 6

Embedding

Question 7

The resulting paraffin block is Trimmed to expose the tissue for sectioning (slicing) on the microtome

Answer 7

Trimming

Question 8

Is use for sectioning paraffin embedded tissues for light microscopic midterm tissue specimen is mounted in the paraffin block holder needs turn of the drive will buy the histologist advances the holder to control distance after each forward to move the tissue block passes over the steel knife edge and a section is cut a thickness equal to the distance the block advanced

Answer 8

Microtome

Question 9

Cell substances with a net negative charge( anionic) charge, such as DNA & RNA, react strongly with _______ and basic stains, such material is said to be _________

Answer 9

Hematoxylin, basophilic

Question 10

( Cationic) substances, such as collagen and many cytoplasmic proteins, react with ______ and other acidic stains and are said to be ___________

Answer 10

Eosin, acidophilic

Question 11

____________ reaction is based on the transformation, of 1,2 glycol groups present in the in the sugars aldehyde residues which reacts with this to produce a purple or magenta color

Answer 11

Periodic acid Schiff reagent

Question 12

Short branched chains of sugars

Answer 12

Oligosaccharides

Question 13

Are anionic, unbranched long chain polysaccharides containing animated sugars

Answer 13

Glycoaminoglycans

Question 14

Usually a single Strain that is applied separately to allow better recognition of nuclei and other structures.

Answer 14

Counter strain

Question 15

A common lipid dye And dissolves in lipid rich structures of cells

Answer 15

Sudan Black

Question 16

Collects and focuses a cone of light that illuminates the tissue slide on the stage

Answer 16

Condenser

Question 17

Enlarges and projects the image of the object in the direction of the eyepiece

Answer 17

Objective

Question 18

Ocular lens further magnifies the image and projects it into the viewers retina or coupled charge device (ccd)

Answer 18

Eyepiece

Question 19

A method of localizing newly synthesized macromolecules in cells or tissue sections. Using radioactive metabolites

Answer 19

Autoradiography

Question 20

Live cells can be maintained and studied outside the body in culture ______. In the organism ________ cells are bathed in fluid derived from blood plasma, containing many different molecules required for survival and growth

Answer 20

Vitro, Vivo

Question 21

Certain changes that can for example cause cell immortality and involved with the origin of cancer cells

Answer 21

Transformation

Question 22

Is a method for localizing cellular structures using specific enzymatic activity present in those structures

Answer 22

Enzyme Histochemistry

Question 23

Examples of enzymes that can be detected histochemically

Answer 23

Phosphatases, Dehydrogenases,Peroxidase

Question 24

The body's immune cells interact with and produce ________against other macromolecules called________ that are recognized as foreign

Answer 24

Antibodies, antigens

Question 25

Allows the recognition of stained or unstained structures made of highly organized subunits

Answer 25

Polarizing Microscopy

Question 26

The ability to rotate the direction of vibration of polarized light

Answer 26

Birefringence

Question 27

Is a compound extracted from a mushroom amanita phalloides and interacts strongly with actin

Answer 27

Phalloidin

Question 28

Is obtained from staphylococcus aureus bacteria and binds to the Fc region of immunoglobulin molecules

Answer 28

Protein A

Question 29

Are proteins or glycoproteins derived mainly from plant seeds, that bind to carbs with high affinity and specificity

Answer 29

Lectins

Question 30

The method most commonly used by both students and pathologists uses ordinary light and the colors are imparted by tissue staining

Answer 30

Bright-Field Microscopy

Question 31

Uses ultra violet light under which only fluorescent molecules are visible allowing localization of fluorescent probes which can be much more specific than routine stains

Answer 31

Fluorescence microscopy

Question 32

Uses differences in refractive index of various natural cell and tissue components to produce an image without staining allowing observation of living cells

Answer 32

Phase Contrast Microscopy

Question 33

Involves scanning the specimen at successive focal planes with a focused light beam, and produces a 3D reconstruction from the images

Answer 33

Confocal Microscopy

Question 34

Sends a electromagnetically focused beam of electrons at very high voltage through ultra thin sections of tissue

Answer 34

Transmission Electron Microscopy

Question 35

__________&___________ allow TEM study of unfixed frozen cells, with fractured membranes or cut surfaces coated with carbon and heavy metal to make a replica of the surface for analysis

Answer 35

Cryrofracture freeze etching

Question 36

Scans an electron beam across a specimen coated with a thin layer of heavy metal reflected and secondary electrons from specimen are processed into a 3D ultra structural image

Answer 36

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Question 37

Uses specific enzymatic activities in lightly fixed or unfixed tissue sections to produce visible products in the specific enzyme locations

Answer 37

Histochemical or cytochemical techniques

Question 38

Based on specific reactions between an antigen and antibodies labeled with visible markers, often fluorescent compounds or Peroxidase for light micro and gold for TEM

Answer 38

Immunohistochemistry

Question 39

When the cell or tissue antigen of interest is detected by directly binding a labeled primary antibody specific for that antigen, this process is considered

Answer 39

Direct Immunohistochemistry

Question 40

Uses an unlabeled primary antibody that is detected bound to it's antigen with labeled secondary antibodies is more commonly used because the added level of antibody binding amplifies the signal detected and provides greater technical flexibility

Answer 40

Indirect Immunohistochemistry

Question 41

Certain steps in procedures for tissue sections may distort the tissues slightly producing minor structural abnormalities called _________ not present in the living tissue

Answer 41

Artifacts