Chapter 6

Question 0

Adipocytes can be found in

Answer 0

Found isolated
In small groups
Within loose or irregular connective tissue
( aggregates is called fat)

Question 1

Another name for fat cells

Answer 1

Adipocytes

Question 2

The caloric density of ___________ is twice that of proteins ( 9.3 kcal/g) is twice that of proteins or carbohydrates
Most efficient form of nutrient storage

Answer 2

Triglycerides

Question 3

Adipose cells where the triglycerides are stored in a single huge droplet of lipid that almost fills the entire cell

Answer 3

Unilocular

Question 4

Have one very large droplet of whitish yellow fat in the it’s cytoplasm

Answer 4

White adipose tissue

Question 5

Contains cells with multiple lipid droplets interspersed among abundant mitochondria which gives these cells a darker appearance

Answer 5

Brown adipose tissue

Question 6

When unilocular adipocytes can generate benign tumors called

Answer 6

Lipomas

Question 7

Malignant adipose tumors

Answer 7

Liposarcomas

Question 8

Fetal lipomas of brown fat are sometimes called

Answer 8

Hibernomas

Question 9

Are small particles of variable size, up to 1200 nm in diameter, formed in intestinal epithelial cells and transported in blood plasma and lymph

Answer 9

Chylomicrons

Question 10

Hydrolyzed chylomicrons and VLDL at luminal surfaces of blood capillaries by this enzyme which is synthesized by the adipocyte and transferred to capillary cell membrane

Answer 10

Lipo-protein lipase

Question 11

Breaks down triglycerides at the surface of the stored lipid droplets

Answer 11

Hormone sensitive lipase

Question 12

Helps regulate the appetite under normal conditions and participates in regulating the formation of new adipose tissue

Answer 12

Leptin

Question 13

Triglycerides are transported by blood and lymph from the intestine and liver in lipo-protein complexes known as

Answer 13

Chylomicrons and VLDL

Question 14

Chylomicrons and VLDL complexes are partly broken down by __________ releasing free fatty acids and glycerol

Answer 14

Lipoprotein lipase

Question 15

When cyclic AMP is stimulated, this activates ___________ to hydrolyze the stored triglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol

Answer 15

Hormone-sensitive lipase

Question 16

______ was discovered and is well studied in genetically obese mice

Answer 16

Leptin

Question 17

In obese humans adipocytes produce adequate or excess quantities of ________ but target cells are not responsive due apparently to insufficient or defective receptors or post receptor signal transduction

Answer 17

Leptin

Question 18

Increased ______ adipose tissue raises the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular

Answer 18

Visceral

Question 19

Adipose tissue in ______,_________, and __________ resists even long periods of starvation

Answer 19

Palms, soles, and retro-orbital fat pads

Question 20

Have the appearance of fibroblasts but accumulate lipid droplets in their cytoplasm

Answer 20

Pre adipocytes

Question 21

Pro inflammatory factors released from visceral fat are being investigated for links of ___________ such as diabetes and heart disease

Answer 21

Inflammation-related disorders associated with obesity

Question 22

________ is very often associated with age related metabolic changes and may involve reduced activity of the hormone-sensitive lipases of adipocytes causing less fat mobilization out of the cells

Answer 22

Adult-onset Obesity

Question 23

Has many small lipid droplets abundant mitochondria, and vasculature all help mediate this tissue principal function of heat production

Answer 23

Multilocular

Question 24

In brown fat hormone sensitive lipase doesn't release fatty acids but are quickly metabolized with a consequent increase in oxygen consumption and heat production

Answer 24

Thermogenesis

Question 25

A transmembrane protein that permits the back flow of protons previously transported to the the inter membranous space without passing through the ATP-Synthetase complexes

Answer 25

Thermogenin or uncoupling protein ( UCP-1)