Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology 3/4 > chap 1- scientific research methods > Flashcards

chap 1- scientific research methods Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is a variable

A

any factor, subject to change, that can be measured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are research methods

A

the systematic procedures we use planning research, gathering and interpreting data and reporting research findings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the independent variable

A

the variable that’s manipulated by experimenter, said to cause the results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the dependent variable

A

variable being observed/measured in the experimental situation to see affect of IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the operational variable

A

states how the variables will be observed, manipulated and measured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a hypothesis

A

broad general prediction about whether the IV will affect the DV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is true value

A

the value that would be found if the quantity could be measured perfectly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is accuracy

A

the closeness of a measurement to the true value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is precision

A

how close a set of measurements are to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is repeatability

A

when a test is carried out under the same conditions and the results matched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is reproducibility

A

when a test produces similar results under changed or different conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

internal validity

A

when the test carried out measures what it intends to measure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

external validity

A

when the results of a study can be applied to similar individuals in a different setting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an extraneous variable

A

unwanted variable other than the IV which may influence DV.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a confounding variable

A

variable other than the IV that has an unwanted affect on the DV. make it impossible to determine which of the variables has produced a change in the DV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are individual participant differences

A

people in different groups of the experiment are different from one another on important characteristics meaning the groups aren’t equal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the boredom effect

A

doing a task a 2nd time and performing worse than the 1st time cause you’ve done it before

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the practice effect

A

doing a task a 2nd time and performing better than the 1st time cause you’ve done it before

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the experimenter effect

A

the expectations of the experimenter influence the participants results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the placebo effect

A

change in results cause treatment has been given.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how is the placebo affect controlled

A

single blind procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how is the experimenter effect controlled

A

double blind procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a single blind procedure

A

participants do not know if they are in the control or experimental group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a double blind procedure

A

neither participants nor the researcher know who is in the control or experimental group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the population
group that researcher wants to find out about
26
what is the sample
the participants that supply the data that represents the population
27
What is a random sample
every member of population has equal chance of selection
28
strengths/weaknesses of random sample
strength- representative sample weaknesses- difficult to achieve
29
What is stratified random sampling
dividing population into categories and selecting in proportions equivalent to population
30
strengths and weaknesses of stratified random sampling
strength- eliminates effect of the variable on which the sample is stratified weaknesses- time consuming and expensive
31
What is convenience sampling
picking whoever is available at the time
32
Strengths and weaknesses of convenience sampling
strength- quick, easy, cheap weaknesses- bias in sample
33
What is random allocation
procedure for assigning participants to either the experimental or control group in an experiment, ensuring that all participants have an equal chance of being allocated to either group.
34
what is qualitative data
descriptive data expressed in words/images
35
what is quantitative data
measurable data expressed in scores/numbers
36
what is correlation study
non-experimental study to investigate relationships between variables. variables aren't controlled or manipulated, they are observed/measured.
37
what is positive correlation
as one variable increases, so does the other
38
what is negative correlation
as one variable increases, the other decreases
39
what is a case study
study of all aspects of a single participant, group or event, usually undertaken to gain insight into a particular psychological phenomenon.
40
what is fieldwork
watching and recording the behaviour of people/animals within a specific environment & drawing conclusions based on the recorded observations.
41
What is the observer effect
changes in participants behavior caused by their awareness of the presence of the observer.
42
What is observer bias
change of results when observer sees wat they expect to see, or records only selected details of an observed behaviour.
43
advantages of observer bias
sees natural behavior, effects on environment, observable, allows research that could be unethical.
44
disadvantages of observer bias
no informed consent, difficult to determine causality, prone to experimenter bias
45
what are self reports
individuals are asked to express their attitudes or report their own behaviors by answering questions
46
advantages of self reports
efficient in collecting large amounts of data, anonymity could enable sensitive questions to be asked, often easy to collate/summarize data
47
disadvantages of self reports
people could answer dishonesty, lack of control makes it hard to compare participants
48
what is classification and identification
processes used to organize phenomena into categories and identify examples o that categorization
49
what is modelling and simulation
creating a representation of an event, process or system of concepts
50
what is product, process or system development
design or evaluation of a process, system or artifact to meet a human need.
51
what are literature reviews
a report produced by reading scientific research on a particular area and summarizing it
52
What is variability
a single number describing the degree to which scores in a distribution are spread out or clustered together
53
what is range
difference between highest and lowest scores
54
what is standard deviation
average distance of a set of scores from the mean
55
what are inferential statistics
enable the researcher to make inferences or draw conclusions from data. tell us whether our results are meaningful
56
what are conclusions
statements about what the results mean
57
what are generalizations
statements that describe the extent to which the results based on the sample relate to the wider population
58
what is research merit
clear benefits from the research
59
what are ethical principles and professional conduct
standards that must be applied to research
60
what is integrity
honest reporting of results, whether favorable or not
61
what is respect for persons
regarding welfare, rights, beliefs, perceptions, customs and cultural heritage of all individuals involved in the research
62
What is beneficence
maximize the benefits, minimize risks
63
what is justice
fair distribution of benefits and burdens within the population of research interest or for any participant in the research
64
what is confidentiality
anonymous data. participants may demand that data be destroyed after debriefing
65
what is voluntary participation
the right to refuse to participate in a study voluntarily without pressure
66
what are withdrawal rights
participants can withdraw from a study at any time regardless of the effect on the results. also can withdraw results after study
67
what is informed consent
participants should be given info about the study and their rights before agreeing to become involved. parents must consent for children
68
what is deception in research
participants shouldn't be deliberately misled without strong justification, and if done they must be debriefed after
69
what is debriefing
participants are provided with all the info about the study. any deception about intent of study must be corrected. any negative effects must be reversed
70
what is access to results
the right to a copy of any document published by the researcher. must be made clear to participants during informed consent procedure

Psychology 3/4 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions