chap 6- the demand for sleep

Question 1

what is consciousness

Answer 1

the awareness of internal and external environments at any moment

Question 2

what does consciousness include

Answer 2

thoughts, feelings, sensations, perceptions and memories that you are aware of at any given time

Question 3

what is a psychological construct

Answer 3

a phenomena that is believed to exist but cannot be directly measured

Question 4

what are 3 characteristics of NWC

Answer 4

moderate to high levels of awareness
accurate perception of reality
a degree of self control

Question 5

what are 3 characteristics of ASCs

Answer 5

low levels of awareness
lack of self control
distorted perceptions of reality

Question 6

what is sleep

Answer 6

a naturally occurring state of consciousness that we experience every day

Question 7

what is sleep characterized by

Answer 7

a lack of awareness of the external environment and is accompanied by numerous physiological changes compared with normal waking consciousness

Question 8

what are the two types of sleep

Answer 8

non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) and rapid eye movement sleep (REM)

Question 9

how many stages of NREM are there

Answer 9

3

Question 10

does sleep become deeper as the stages of NREM progress

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

does NREM replenish the body or the brain

Answer 11

the body

Question 12

do bodily rates become more regular during NREM sleep

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

does activity of the brain slow down or speed up in NREM

Answer 13

slows down

Question 14

NREM stage 1 waves information

Answer 14

theta waves begin to replace alpha waves

Question 15

when may hypnic jerks be experienced

Answer 15

in NREM stage 1

Question 16

how long does NREM stage 1 last for

Answer 16

2-10 minutes

Question 17

bodily information about NREM stage 1

Answer 17

movement is minimal, heart/breathing/metabolic rates aswell as blood pressure begin to decrease

Question 18

what is the hypnogogic phase

Answer 18

the transition from wakefulness into NREM stage 1

Question 19

how long does NREM stage 2 last for

Answer 19

20-30 minutes

Question 20

what happens to bodily rates during NREM stage 2

Answer 20

heart/breathing/metabolic rates continue to decrease

Question 21

is a sleeper still receptive to loud noises/external stimuli during NREM stage 2

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

when is the deep sleep during NREM

Answer 22

stage 3 as it is difficult to wake from

Question 23

brain waves in NREM stage 3

Answer 23

mostly delta waves as it is a slow wave sleep (SWS)

Question 24

how long does NREM stage 3 last for and how does this change over the night

Answer 24

20-40 minutes, this decreases in length over the night

Question 25

what are bodily rates like in NREM stage 3

Answer 25

heart/breathing rate stabilize, muscles are relaxed and eyes show little movement.

Question 26

when do quick movements of the eyes under the eyelids occur

Answer 26

REM sleep

Question 27

is the body active in REM sleep

Answer 27

the brain and internal organs are very active despite REM sleep being a very deep type of sleep

Question 28

how do neurons in the brain behave in REM sleep

Answer 28

as they would when we are awake

Question 29

what is REM sleep helpful for

Answer 29

brain development and brain health, research also suggests it is helpful for learning and memory

Question 30

how can physiological responses be measured

Answer 30

EEG, EMG or EOG

Question 31

what does EEG stand for

Answer 31

electroencephalograph

Question 32

what does EMG stand for

Answer 32

electromyograph

Question 33

what does EOG stand for

Answer 33

electro-oculargraph

Question 34

what is an EEG

Answer 34

a device that detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the neurons in the brain

Question 35

what does an EEG produce

Answer 35

a recording of brainwave patterns which can be analyzed and interpreted

Question 36

beta waves

Answer 36

low amplitude

Question 37

akpha waves

Answer 37

low-medium amplitude

Question 38

theta waves

Answer 38

medium-high amplitude

Question 39

delta waves

Answer 39

high amplitude

Question 40

what does an EOG do

Answer 40

detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the muscles responsible for controlling eye movements

Question 41

what does an EOG provide

Answer 41

an indication of the changes in eye movement that occurs through a nights sleep shows what stage of sleep a person is in

Question 42

what does an EMG do

Answer 42

detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of muscles of the body. shows what stage of sleep a person is in

Question 43

what are other techniques to measuring sleep

Answer 43

self reports sleep diaries video monitering

Question 44

what is a circadian rhythm

Answer 44

a sleep wake cycle that takes place once every 24 hours. body temp and melatonin production are also circadian rhythms

Question 45

what is a sleep wake cycle

Answer 45

an altering pattern of being awake and falling asleep

Question 46

what is an ultradian rhythm,

Answer 46

a sleep cycle that is a biological, cyclical occurrence that operates more than once a day.

Question 47

how many cycles of sleep do we experience during a nights sleep

Answer 47

4-5 consisting of alternating episodes of REM and NREM sleep. each lasting about 90 minutes

Question 48

brain waves during NREM stage 2

Answer 48

predominately theta waves

Question 49

how much sleep does a newborn need

Answer 49

16 hours 50% NREM

Question 50

how much sleep does a child need

Answer 50

10-11 hrs 75-80% NREM

Question 51

how much sleep does an adolescent need

Answer 51

9 hrs 80% NREM

Question 52

how much sleep does an adult need

Answer 52

7-8 hrs 80% NREM

Question 53

how much sleep do the elderly need

Answer 53

6-7 hrs 80% NREM