Chap 12 Resp Textbook Flashcards
(151 cards)
1
Q
adenoids
A
Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils.
2
Q
alveolus
A
Air sac in the lung
3
Q
bronchioles
A
Smallest branches of the bronchi. Terminal bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts.
4
Q
bronchus
A
Branch of the trachea (windpipe) that is a passageway into the lung; bronchial tube
5
Q
diaphragm
A
Muscle separating the chest and abdomen. It contracts to pull air into the lungs and relaxes to push air out.
6
Q
epiglottis
A
Lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing.
7
Q
expiration
A
Breathing out (exhalation)
8
Q
glottis
A
Slit-like opening to the larynx.
9
Q
inspiration
A
Breathing in (inhalation).
10
Q
larynx
A
Voice box; containing the vocal cords.
11
Q
nares
A
Openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities
12
Q
mediastinum
A
Region between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains the trachea, heart, lymph nodes, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes.
13
Q
palatine tonsil
A
One of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx (palatine means pertaining to the roof of the mouth).
14
Q
paranasal sinus
A
One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose
15
Q
parietal pleura
A
Outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall.
16
Q
pharynx
A
Throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
17
Q
pleura
A
Double-layered membrane surrounding each lung.
18
Q
pleural cavity
A
Space between the folds of the pleura.
19
Q
pulmonary parenchyma
A
Essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli.
20
Q
respiration
A
Process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing
21
Q
visceral pleura
A
Inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue.
22
Q
adenoid/o
A
adenoids
23
Q
alveol/o
A
alveolus, air sac
24
Q
bronch/o bronchi/o
A
bronchial tube, bronchus
25
bronchiol/o
bronchiole, small bronchus
26
capn/o
carbon dioxide
27
coni/o
dust
28
bronchospasm
This tightening of the bronchus is a chief characteristic of asthma and bronchitis.
29
bronchiectasis
Caused by weakening of the bronchial wall from infection.
30
bronchopleural
Bronchopleural fistula is an abnormal connection between the bronchial tube and the pleural cavity (space).
31
bronchiolitis
This is an acute viral infection occurring in infants younger than 18 months of age.
32
cyan/o
blue
33
epiglott/o
epiglottis
34
laryng/o
larynx, voice box
35
lob/o
lobe of the lung
36
epiglottitis
Characterized by fever, sore throat, and an erythematous, swollen epiglottis.
37
mediastin/o
mediastinum
38
nas/o
nose
39
orth/o
straight, upright
40
orthopnea
An abnormal condition in which breathing (-pnea) is easier in the upright position
41
ox/o
oxygen
42
pector/o
chest
43
expectoration
Clearing of secretions from the airway by coughing or spitting.
44
pharyng/o
pharyng/o
45
phon/o
voice
46
phren/o
diaphragm
47
pleur/o
pleura
48
dysphonia
Hoarseness or other voice impairment.
49
pleurodynia
The intercostal muscles or pleura are inflamed, causing pain during breathing
50
pleural effusion
An effusion is the escape of fluid from blood vessels or lymphatics into a cavity or into tissue spaces.
51
pneum/o, pneumon/o
air, lung
52
pulmon/o
lung
53
rhin/o
nose
54
sinus/o
sinus, cavity
55
spir/o
breathing
56
rhinorrhea
runny nose
57
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
marked by rhythmic changes in the depth of breathing (rapid breathing and then absence of breathing). The pattern occurs every 45 seconds to 3 minutes. The cause may be heart failure or brain damage, both of which affect the respiratory center in the brain.
58
Pneumothorax
in pleural cavity (space)
59
Atelectasis
collapsed lung; incomplete expansion (-ectasis) of a lung
60
tel/o
complete
61
thorac/o
chest
62
tonsill/o
tonsils
63
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
64
-ema
condition
65
-osmia
smell
66
-pnea
breathing
67
-ptysis
spitting
68
-sphyxia
pulse
69
-thorax
pleural cavity, chest
70
Sleep apnea
sudden cessation of breathing during sleep. It can
| result in hypoxia, leading to cognitive impairment, hypertension, and arrhythmias
71
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
gentle ventilatory support used to keep the airways open
72
dyspnea
Dys- means abnormal here and is associated with shortness of breath (SOB).
73
hemoptysis
Blood is coughed up from the bronchial tubes and lungs
74
asphyxia
lack of pulse
75
auscultation
Listening to sounds within the body. performed w/ a stethoscope, used chiefly for listening to the
passage of air into and out of the lungs and listening to heart sounds
76
percussion
Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure.
77
pleural rub
Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other.
78
rales (crackles)
Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli.
79
rhonchi (singular: rhonchus)
Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum.
80
sputum
Material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting.
81
stridor
Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx.
Common causes of stridor include throat abscess, airway injury, croup, allergic reaction, or epiglottitis and laryngitis.
82
wheezes
Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing.
83
croup
Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor.
The most common causative agents are influenza viruses or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
84
diphtheria
Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium (Corynebacterium).
85
epistaxis
nosebleed
86
pertussis
Whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis.
Pertussis is characterized by paroxysmal (violent, sudden) spasms of coughing that ends in a loud “whooping” inspiration.
87
asthma
Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production.
88
bronchiectasis
Chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection.
Treatment is palliative (noncurative) and includes antibiotics, mucolytics, bronchodilators, respiratory therapy
89
chronic bronchitis
Inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
90
cystic fibrosis (CF)
Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally.
91
emphysema
Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
right heart failure (cor pulmonale).
92
lung cancer
Malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi
NSCLC - 90% of lung cancers and comprises three main types:adenocarcinoma (derived from mucus-secreting cells), squamous cell carcinoma
(derived from the lining cells of the upper airway), and large cell lung cancer
SCLC derives from small, round (“oat” cells) cells found in pulmonary epithelium. It grows rapidly early and quickly spreads outside the lung.
93
pneumoconiosis
Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis
94
pneumonia
Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction.
95
pulmonary abscess
Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs.
96
pulmonary edema
Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
condition most often is caused by the inability of the heart to pump blood (congestive heart failure).
97
pulmonary embolism (PE)
Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
Occlusion can produce an area of dead (necrotic) tissue; this is a pulmonary infarction. PE often causes acute pleuritic chest pain (pain on inspiration) and may be associated with blood in the sputum, fever, and respiratory insufficiency.
98
pulmonary fibrosis
Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs.
99
sarcoidosis
Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs
100
tuberculosis (TB)
Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected.
101
mesothelioma
Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura.
102
pleural effusion
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity).
Pleural effusions are exudates (fluid from tumors and infections)
Transudates (fluid from congestive heart failure, pulmonary embolism, or cirrhosis
103
pleurisy (pleuritis)
Inflammation of the pleura.
104
pneumothorax
Collection of air in the pleural space.
105
anthracosis
Coal dust accumulates in the lungs.
106
asbestosis
Asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs.
107
hydrothorax
Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity.
108
palliative
Relieving symptoms, but not curing the disease.
109
paroxysmal
Pertaining to a sudden occurrence, such as a spasm or seizure; oxysm/o means sudden.
110
chest x-ray (CXR)
Radiographic image of the thoracic cavity (chest film).
111
computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest
Computer-generated series of x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross section and other planes.
112
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest
Magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral (sagittal), and cross-sectional (axial) planes.
113
positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung
Radioactive glucose is injected and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs.
114
ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan
Detection device records radioactivity in the lung after injection of a radioisotope or inhalation of small amount of radioactive gas (xenon).
115
bronchoscopy
Fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes.
116
endotracheal intubation
Placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway
117
laryngoscopy
Visual examination of the voice box.
118
lung biopsy
Removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination
119
mediastinoscopy
Endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum
120
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
Tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs: airway function, lung volume, and the capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently
121
thoracentesis
Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space
122
thoracotomy
Large surgical incision of the chest.
123
thoracoscopy (thorascopy)
Visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope.
124
tracheostomy
Surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck
125
tuberculin test
Determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive skin reaction.
126
tube thoracostomy
A flexible, plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest.
127
outer fold of pleura lying closer to the ribs
parietal pleura
128
collections of lymph tissue in the nasopharynx
adenoids
129
windpipe
trachea
130
lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the voice box
epiglottis
131
branches of the windpipe that lead into the lungs
bronchi
132
region between the lungs in the chest cavity
mediastinum
133
air-containing cavities in the bones around the nose
paranasal sinuses
134
thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract
cilia
135
inner fold of pleura closer to lung tissue
visceral pleura
136
throat
pharynx
137
air sacs of the lung
alveoli
138
voice box
larynx
139
smallest branches of bronchi
bronchioles
140
collections of lymph tissue in the oropharynx
palatine tonsils
141
midline region of the lungs where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs
hilum
142
The apical part of the lung is the
uppermost part
143
The gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs is
oxygen
144
Breathing in air is called
inspiration, inhalation
145
Divisions of the lungs are known as
lobes
146
The gas produced by cells and exhaled through the lungs is
carbon dioxide
147
The space between the visceral and the parietal pleura is the
pleural cavity
148
Breathing out air is called
expiration, exhalation
149
The essential tissues of the lung that perform its main function are pulmonary
parenchyma
150
The exchange of gases in the lung is ______________________ respiration.
external
151
The exchange of gases at the tissue cells is ______________________ respiration.
internal
