chap 16 - respiratory emergencies

Question 1

define dyspnea

Answer 1

shortness of breath, difficulty breathing

Question 2

normal adult respiration rate:

Answer 2

12-20 breaths/min

Question 3

the tripod position looks like:

Answer 3

the patient is sitting up, leaning forward, with their hands flat on the bed or arms of a chair

Question 4

asthma symptoms:

Answer 4

wheezing, bronchospasm

Question 5

anaphylaxis symptoms:

Answer 5

flushed skin or hives, generalized edema, hypotension, laryngeal edema with dyspnea, wheezing or stridor

Question 6

bronchiolitis symptoms:

Answer 6

dyspnea, wheezing, coughing, fever, dehydration, tachypnea, tachycardia

Question 7

bronchitis symptoms:

Answer 7

chronic cough with sputum, wheezing, cyanosis, tachypnea

Question 8

congestive heart failure symptoms:

Answer 8

dependent edema, crackles (pulmonary edema), orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Question 9

common cold symptoms:

Answer 9

cough, runny nose, sore throat

Question 10

croup symptoms:

Answer 10

fever, barking cough, stridor, mostly in children

Question 11

diphtheria symptoms:

Answer 11

difficulty breathing and swallowing, sore throat, thick gray buildup in throat or nose, fever

Question 12

emphysema symptoms:

Answer 12

barrel chest, pursed lip breathing, dyspnea on exertion, cyanosis, wheezing/decreased breath sounds, mostly in older patients

Question 13

epiglottitis symptoms:

Answer 13

dyspnea, high fever, stridor, drooling, difficulty swallowing, severe sore throat, tripod position, mostly in children

Question 14

influenza type a symptoms:

Answer 14

cough, fever, sore throat, fatigue

Question 15

pertussis (whooping cough) symptoms:

Answer 15

coughing spells, whooping sound, fever

Question 16

pneumonia symptoms:

Answer 16

dyspnea, chills & fever, cough, green/red/rust colored sputum, localized wheezing or crackles

Question 17

pneumothorax symptoms:

Answer 17

sudden chest pain with dyspnea, decreased breath sounds, subcutaneous emphysema

Question 18

pulmonary embolus symptoms:

Answer 18

dyspnea, occasional sharp chest pain, sudden onset, tachycardia, clear breath sounds initially

Question 19

tension pneumothorax symptoms:

Answer 19

severe dyspnea, diminished or absent breath sounds on one side, decreased or altered level of consciousness, neck vein distention, tracheal deviation, hypotension; signs of shock

Question 20

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) symptoms:

Answer 20

cough, wheezing, fever, dehydration

Question 21

TB symptoms:

Answer 21

cough, fever, fatigue, productive/bloody sputum

Question 22

chronic carbon dioxide retention leads to:

Answer 22

less efficient breathing. the brain has “gotten used” to higher CO2 levels

Question 23

hypoxic drive definition

Answer 23

a condition in which chronically low levels of oxygen in the blood stimulate the respiratory drive (as opposed to high CO2, the normal drive)

Question 24

use caution when administering oxygen to patients with chronic lung disease because…

Answer 24

hypoxic drive has altered their respiratory responses (don’t withhold oxygen. just be cautious)

Question 25

a condition in which the body's cells and tissues do not get enough oxygen:

Answer 25

hypoxia

Question 26

what is it called when gas exchange between the alveoli and pulmonary circulation is obstructed by fluid in the lung, infection, or collapsed alveoli?

Answer 26

atelectasis

Question 27

in pulmonary edema what has happened to the alveoli?

Answer 27

filled with fluid :( 💔 bummer :/

Question 28

oxygenation is:

Answer 28

the process of delivering oxygen to the blood via diffusion from the alveoli

Question 29

croup is caused by inflammation and swelling of the:

Answer 29

pharynx, larynx, and trachea

Question 30

croup is typically seen in children of what age range?

Answer 30

6 months - 3 years

Question 31

croup responds well to what kind of oxygen?

Answer 31

humidified

Question 32

epiglottitis is an infection of what?

Answer 32

the epiglottis. the flap of tissue that protects the larynx and trachea during swallowing

Question 33

bronchiolitis results in severe inflammation of the...

Answer 33

bronchioles

Question 34

pneumonia is a general term meaning what?

Answer 34

an infection of the lungs 🫁😫💔

Question 35

pneumonia can be caused by:

Answer 35

a virus, bacteria, chemical injury, or lung injury from submersion

Question 36

if pneumonia is in the lower part of the lungs near the abdomen there may be:

Answer 36

fever, abdominal pain, and vomiting

Question 37

pertussis (whooping cough) primarily affects children younger than:

Answer 37

6 years

Question 38

man it's crazy that our textbook only dedicated 2 paragraphs to COVID

Answer 38

yeah. considering it can effect pretty much every organ in the body and new strains are STILL spreading & developing? crazy

Question 39

TB most commonly effects the lungs but can also be found:

Answer 39

in almost any organ of the body

Question 40

in a pulmonary edema fluid has accumulated between:

Answer 40

the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries

Question 41

COPD is an umbrella term used to describe:

Answer 41

several lung diseases.

Question 42

COPD most often results from what?

Answer 42

cigarette smoking 🚬 🚭 🔥

Question 43

emphysema is a loss of...

Answer 43

the elastic material in the lungs. this occurs when the alveoli are chronically stretched and enflamed. (form of COPD)

Question 44

signs and symptoms of COPD overlap with what condition?

Answer 44

congestive heart failure

Question 45

the acute spasming of the bronchioles associated with excessive mucous production and swelling of the mucous lining of respiratory passages is what?

Answer 45

asthma

Question 46

cyanosis is...

Answer 46

the change of body tissue color to a blueish purple hue due to poor oxygenation of the blood.

Question 47

a severe allergic reaction characterized by airway swelling and dilation of blood vessels all over the body is...

Answer 47

anaphylaxis

Question 48

urticaria is..

Answer 48

widespread hives

Question 49

the partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space is...

Answer 49

pneumothorax

Question 50

a collection of fluid outside the lung on one or both sides of the chest

Answer 50

pleural effusion

Question 51

anything in the circulatory system thar moves from its point of origin to a distant site and lodges there, obstructing blood flow in that area is an...

Answer 51

embolus

Question 52

the build-up of excess acid in the blood or body tissues is...

Answer 52

acidosis

Question 53

rapid breathing to the point that the level are arterial carbon dioxide falls below normal is...

Answer 53

hyperventilation

Question 54

the buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in body fluids...

Answer 54

alkalosis

Question 55

what gas is the leading cause of nondrug accidental poisoning death in the US?

Answer 55

carbon monoxide

Question 56

vesucular breath sounds...

Answer 56

normal sounds made by air moving in and out of the alveoli

Question 57

bronchial breath sounds...

Answer 57

normal sounds made by air moving through the bronchi

Question 58

adventitous breath sounds...

Answer 58

abnormal sounds such as wheezing, stridor, rhonchi, and crackles

Question 59

when assessing for fluid collection, what location of the lungs is to be payed special attention?

Answer 59

the lower lung fields

Question 60

lung sound that indicates constriction and/or inflammation in the bronchus:

Answer 60

wheezing

Question 61

low-pitched rattling sounds caused by secretions or mucus in the larger airway:

Answer 61

rhonchi. sometimes called "junky"

Question 62

the sounds of air trying to pass through fluid in the alveoli:

Answer 62

crackles (rales)

Question 63

a high pitched sound heard on inspiration as air tries to pass through an obstruction in the upper airway:

Answer 63

stridor

Question 64

digital clubbing (the enlargement of the ends of the fingers) is a sign of what?

Answer 64

COPD

Question 65

name that abbreviation! - CPAP

Answer 65

continuous positive airway pressure