Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

System P 2 > Chap 17 > Flashcards

Chap 17 Flashcards

(94 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the most common Penile malformation?

A

Hypospadias (ventral surface )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is it called if the urethral orfice is on the dorsal surface?

A

Epispadias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Inflammation on the glans penis =

A

Balanitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Inflammation on the prepuce =?

A

Balanoposthitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What it the inability to retract the prepuce?

A

Phimosis (MC acquired)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is entrapment of a retracted foreskin behind the coronal sulcus ?

A

Paraphimosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are 95% of penile neoplasms?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are risks for penile neoplasms?

A

Over 40, uncircumcised, poor hygiene, HPV, AIDS, smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Bowen disease?

A

Penile neoplasm, solitary, on shaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Invasive SCC penile neoplasm is most common where?

A

Glans or prepuce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are symptoms of police neoplasms?

A

Abnormal texture, pain, erythema, fails to heal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a gray, crusted, handed, raised lesion on the penis, with irregular boarders?

A

Invasive SCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a penectomy?

A

Partial or total removal or part of the penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an increase of serous fluid in the tunica vaginalis?

A

Hydrocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most common cause of scrotal enlargement?

A

Hydrocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is hematocele?

A

Blood in the scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is chylocele?

A

Lymph in the scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can chylocele lead to?

A

Filariasis (elephantiasis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What transmits filariasis?

A

Flies, mosquitos, Arthropoda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What disease causes filariasis?

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What percent of newborns have cryptorchidism?

A

1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a main symptom of cryptorchidism?

A

Testicular atrophy by age 5-6. (Leads to sterility) unilateral or bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the increased cancer risk for testicular cancer in cryptorchidism?

A

3-5 times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are symptoms of orchiitis?

A

Pain, bloody ejaculation, edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are symptoms of epididymitis?
Pain fever, MC unilateral
26
How does orchiitis or epididymitis begin?
As a UTI
27
What are two things that can cause orchiitis or epididymitis?
MUMPS and TB (mumps leads to necrosis and sterility (20%)
28
What is spermatic cord twisting?
Testicular torsion
29
What type of testiuclar torsion is most common?
Adult (12-18)
30
What sign is associated with adult testicular torsion?
Bell-clapper deformity
31
Is testiular torsion painful or no?
Yes (acute pain)
32
What much testicular torsion spontaneously resolve?
1/3 (surgery if not better in 6 hours)
33
What is an enlargement of the pampiniform venous plexus of the scrotum?
Varicocele
34
What should you consider the problem in varicocele?
Renal cell carcinoma
35
What age rage do we see testicular neoplasia?
14-34
36
What are risks for testicular neoplasia?
Cryptorchidism (10%), fam history (brother with it 8-10 more risk), white people, gonadal dysgenesis
37
What testicular neoplasm is benign ?
Sex cord stromal tumors
38
Sex cord stromal tumors come from what cells?
Sertoli and leydig cells
39
What is a malignant testicular neoplasia?
Germ cell tumors (GCTs)
40
What makes up 95% of most post pubertal testicular tumors?
Germ cell tumors
41
What is the most favorable germ cell tumor?
Seminomas
42
What testicular tumor has a soft texture, grey-white and well demarcated.
Seminomas
43
What do cells in seminomas look like?
Large, uniform, round nuclei
44
At what age do you see embryo all carcinoma?
20-30 (indistinguishable boarders, invasive, anaplastic) no tumor marker
45
What Nonseminomatous GCT would we likely see at age 3?
Yolk sac tumor
46
What Nonseminomatous GCT is characterized by increased hCG, and is small?
Choriocarcinoma
47
What nonseminomatous GCT is a firm mass with all 3 germ cell layers and seen at allllll ages?
Teratoma
48
What type of testicular cancer is easily palpable and large, well contained mass with late mets?
Seminomas
49
What form of testicular cancer is small and less palpable, with ear leer mets to liver and lungs, may have lymphatic or hematogenous mets?
Nonseminomatous GCT
50
Is testiular cancer painful or painless ?
Painless***
51
What Nonseminomatous GCT is undifferentiated and has Indistinct boarders?
Embryonal carcinoma
52
What are the two key features with testicular cancer?
Painless and translucent
53
What form of testicular cancer is radio sensitive ?
Seminomas
54
What form of prostate cancer is found in the peripheral zone?
Carcinomas
55
What from of prostate lesion is found in the transitional zone?
Hyperplasia
56
What is the cause of most prostatitis?
Chronic non bacterial (90-95)
57
Bacterial (acute and chronic) account for what percent of prostatitis?
10% (2-5% each)
58
What is another name for chronic non bacterial prostatitis?
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome
59
How is chronic non bacterial prostatitis diagnose?
NIH outcome measures, DRE, sequential specimens
60
Where are common locations for infectious spread of prostatitis?
Blood, lymph, urethra/bladder, rectum
61
Where does Benign prostatic hyperplasia occur?
Traditional zone
62
What Percent of males 70 or older have benign prostatic hyperplasia?
90%
63
What percent of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is asymptomatic ?
10%
64
What are treatments for BPH?
Watchful waiting, FLOWMAX, dth inhibition TURP
65
What does benign prostatic hyperplasia look like?
Has nodules that are well circumscribed
66
What are side effects of TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate)
Incontinence, erectile dysfunction
67
Are most people likely do die from or die with prostate cancer?
Die with
68
Prostate cancer makes up what percent
30%
69
Most prostate cancer is aggressive true or false?
False most is indolent
70
The majority of prostate cancer is what kind?
Adenocarcinomas
71
Where are most (80% of prostate cancer located ?
Peripheral zone
72
What is the most common age group for prostate cancer?
65-75
73
Where does prostate cancer MET to?
Osteoblasts can to the axial skeleton
74
What is a screening technique for prostate cancer?
PSA (not specific to prostate cancer) lots of false positives
75
What are treatments for prostate cancer?
Watch and wait, prostatectomy, radiation, anti antigen therapy
76
What is dilation of the renal pelvis/calyces?
Hydronephrosis
77
What is the most common form of hydronephrosis?
Congenital (atresia in male patients)
78
What form of hydronephrosis my be clinically silent?
Acquired unilateral
79
A renal calculus (stone) is most commonly made of what?
Calcium oxalate
80
Where is pain found with kidney stones?
2-3m in size, pain in ureter, flank, groin, intermittent and severe
81
What is an upper urinary tract stone that is massive and looks like the cast of the renal pelvis?
Stag horn calculus
82
What are stag horn calculi made of? (Struvite Stone)
Magnesium ammonium phosphate
83
What is the most common cause of staghorn calculi?
Recurrent infections
84
What are symptoms of vit A deficiency ?
Kidney stones, bitot spots
85
What is a blind ended pouch in the bladder wall that is most commonly acquired?
Diverticulum
86
Most diverticulum of the bladder look like what?
Small and asymptomatic
87
Cystitis (inflammation of the urinary bladder) is a bacterial infection that causes pain in what area?
Supra pubic pain, pee a lot, painful sex
88
A lower UTI may cause what?
Cystitis
89
What is the name of most bladder cancer called (90%) ?
Urothelial carcinoma
90
What bladder cancer is less common and associated with Schistosoma infections? (Egypt)
Squamous cell carcinoma
91
What acquired gene mutation is associated with bladder cancer?
TP53
92
What are risks for bladder cancer?
50-80 males, industrial ares, smoking, occupational carcinogens
93
What are features of bladder cancer?
Painless hematuria, high recurrence
94
What is the treatment for bladder cancer?
Radical cystectomy, chemo

System P 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions