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med term - exam 4 > Chap 17 - Eyes and Ears Review > Flashcards

Chap 17 - Eyes and Ears Review Flashcards

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1
Q

pupil

A

Open center of the iris through which light rays enter

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2
Q

conjunctiva

A

Delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball

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3
Q

cornea

A

Fibrous layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball

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4
Q

sclera

A

Tough, white outer layer of the eyeball.

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5
Q

choroid

A

Vascular layer of the eyeball that is continuous with the

iris

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6
Q

iris

A

Colored portion of the eye; surrounds the pupil

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7
Q

ciliary body

A

Contains muscles that control the shape of the lens and

secretes aqueous humor

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8
Q

lens

A

Transparent structure behind the iris and in front of
the vitreous humor; it refracts light rays onto the
retina.

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9
Q

retina

A

Contains sensitive cells called rods and cones that

transform light energy into nerve impulses.

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10
Q

vitreous humor

A

Jelly-like material behind the lens that helps maintain

the shape of the eyeball

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11
Q

The region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina is the _____________ .

A

optic disk

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12
Q

The normal adjustment of the lens (becoming fatter) to bring an object into focus for near vision on the retina is ___________ .

A

accommodation

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13
Q

A yellowish region on the retina lateral to the optic disc is the ____________ .

A

macula

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14
Q

The tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision is the ___________ .

A

fovea centralis

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15
Q

The bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye is ____________________ .

A

refraction

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16
Q

The point at which the fibers of the optic nerve cross in the brain is the _____________ .

A

optic chiasm

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17
Q

The photoreceptor cells in the retina that make the perception of color possible are the _____________ .

A

cones

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18
Q

The photoreceptor cells in the retina that make vision in dim light possible are the ______________ .

A

rods

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19
Q

The _______________ is the area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris. It contains aqueous humor.

A

anterior chamber

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20
Q

The posterior, inner part of the eye is the _______________ .

A

fundus

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21
Q

fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue over the eyeball

A

cornea

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22
Q

space and fluid in the front of the eye

A

anterior chamber and aqueous humor

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23
Q

central opening of the iris

A

pupil

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24
Q

transparent, biconvex body that refracts light rays

A

lens

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25
Q

space and soft, jelly-like material in the posterior (back) of eye

A

vitreous chamber and vitreous humor

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26
Q

light-sensitive inner nerve cell layer; rods and cones

A

retina

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27
Q

cranial nerve

A

optic nerve fibers

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28
Q

area of brain where optic nerve fibers cross

A

optic chiasm

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29
Q

relay center of the brain

A

thalamus

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30
Q

visual region of the brain

A

cerebral cortex (occipital lobe)

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31
Q

optic nerve

A

cranial nerve that carries impulses from the retina to the brain

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32
Q

biconvex

A

having two sides that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly

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33
Q

anisocoria

A

condition of pupils of unequal (anis/o) size

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34
Q

cycloplegic

A

pertaining to paralysis of the ciliary muscles

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35
Q

palpebral

A

pertaining to the eyelid

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36
Q

mydriasis

A

condition of enlargement of the pupil

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37
Q

miosis

A

condition of constriction of the pupil

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38
Q

papilledema

A

swelling in the region of the optic disc

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39
Q

photophobia

A

condition of sensitivity to (“fear of ”) light

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40
Q

scotoma

A

blind spot; area of darkened (diminished) vision surrounded by clear vision

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41
Q

inflammation of an eyelid

A

blepharitis

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42
Q

inflammation of the conjunctiva

A

conjunctivitis

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43
Q

inflammation of a tear gland

A

dacryoadenitis

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44
Q

inflammation of the iris

A

iritis

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45
Q

inflammation of the cornea

A

keratitis

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46
Q

inflammation of the white of the eye

A

scleritis

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47
Q

inflammation of the retina

A

retinitis

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48
Q

prolapse of the eyelid

A

blepharoptosis

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49
Q

pertaining to tears

A

lacrimal

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50
Q

pertaining to within the eye

A

intraocular

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51
Q

fibrous layer of clear tissue over the front of the eyeball has a defect resulting from infection

A

corneal ulcer

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52
Q

inflammation of the vascular layer of the eye (iris, ciliary body, and choroid)

A

uveitis

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53
Q

condition of dry eyes

A

xerophthalmia

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54
Q

absence of vision in half of the visual field

A

hemianopsia

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55
Q

eye abnormally turns outward

A

exotropia

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56
Q

medical doctor who treats diseases of the eyes

A

ophthalmologist

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57
Q

nonmedical professional who can examine eyes and prescribe glasses

A

optometrist

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58
Q

nonmedical professional who grinds lenses and fits glasses

A

optician

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59
Q

absence of the lens of the eye

A

aphakia

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60
Q

eye abnormally turns inward

A

esotropia

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61
Q

amblyopia

A

decreased (dim) vision; lazy eye (resulting from strabismus and uncorrected refractive errors in childhood)

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62
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness

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63
Q

presbyopia

A

decreased vision at near, resulting from old age

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64
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

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65
Q

nyctalopia

A

night blindness; decreased vision at night

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66
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

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67
Q

astigmatism

A

defective curvature of the lens and cornea leading to blurred vision

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68
Q

In the myopic eye, light rays do not focus properly on the _________ . Either the eyeball is too ________ or the refractive power of the lens is too __________ , so that the image is blurred and comes to a focus in __________ of the retina. The type of lens used to correct this refractive error is called a/an _____________ lens.

A

retina; long; strong; front; concave

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69
Q

In the hyperopic eye, the eyeball is too __________ or the refractive power of the lens too __________ , so that the image is blurred and focused in _____________ of the retina. The type of lens used to correct this refractive error is called a/an __________ lens.

A

short; weak; back; convex

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70
Q

A miotic is a drug that ____________ the pupil of the eye.

A

constricts

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71
Q

A mydriatic is a drug that ___________ the pupil of the eye.

A

dilates

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72
Q

retinal microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization occur secondary to an abnormal endocrine condition

A

diabetic retinopathy

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73
Q

two layers of the retina separate from each other

A

retinal detachment

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74
Q

abnormal deviations of the eye occur (esotropia and exotropia)

A

strabismus

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75
Q

clouding of the lens causes decreased vision

A

cataract

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76
Q

loss of central vision caused by deterioration of the macula of the retina

A

macular degeneration

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77
Q

localized, purulent infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid

A

hordeolum (stye)

78
Q

small, firm, cystic mass on the eyelid; formed as a result of chronic inflammation of a sebaceous gland

A

chalazion

79
Q

increased intraocular pressure results in optic nerve damage

A

glaucoma

80
Q

pigmented scarring forms throughout the retina

A

retinitis pigmentosa

81
Q

repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes

A

nystagmus

82
Q

Stroke (hemianopsia)

A

loss of half of the visual field caused by a stroke affecting the left visual cortex

83
Q

Glaucoma

A

loss of peripheral vision first (darkness around the edges of the picture)

84
Q

Cataract

A

causes blurred vision

85
Q

lacrim/o

A

tears

86
Q

dacry/o

A

tears

87
Q

kerat/o

A

cornea

88
Q

corne/o

A

cornea

89
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

90
Q

palpebr/o

A

eyelid

91
Q

cor/o

A

pupil

92
Q

pupill/o

A

pupil

93
Q

phac/o

A

lens

94
Q

phak/o

A

lens

95
Q

ocul/o

A

eye

96
Q

ophthalm/o

A

eye

97
Q

opt/o

A

eye

98
Q

scot/o

A

darkness

99
Q

ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens, and it is aspirated from the eye

A

phacoemulsification

100
Q

test of clearness of vision

A

visual acuity test

101
Q

measurement of tension or pressure within the eye; glaucoma test

A

tonometry

102
Q

high-energy light radiation beams are used to stop retinal hemorrhaging

A

laser photocoagulation

103
Q

a laser removes corneal tissue (sculpts it) to correct myopia

A

LASIK

104
Q

intravenous injection of dye followed by photographs of the eye through dilated pupils

A

fluorescein angiography

105
Q

suture of a silicone band to the sclera to correct retinal detachment

A

scleral buckle

106
Q

test to measure central and peripheral vision (area within which objects are seen) when the eyes are looking straight ahead

A

visual field test

107
Q

removal (and replacement) of diseased fluid in the chamber behind the lens of the eye

A

vitrectomy

108
Q

visual examination of the interior of the eye after dilation of the pupil

A

ophthalmoscopy

109
Q

use of an instrument for microscopic examination of parts of the eye

A

slit lamp microscopy

110
Q

corneal transplant surgery

A

keratoplasty

111
Q

transmission of sound wave to the brain from the outer ear

A
  1. pinna (auricle)
  2. external auditory canal
  3. tympanic membrane
  4. malleus
  5. incus
  6. stapes
  7. oval window
  8. cochlea
  9. auditory liquids and receptors
  10. auditory nerve fibers
  11. cerebral cortex
112
Q

labyrinth

A

cochlea and organs of equilibrium (semicircular canals and vestibule)

113
Q

semicircular canals

A

organ of equilibrium in the inner ear

114
Q

auditory (eustachian) tube

A

passageway between the middle ear and the throat

115
Q

stapes

A

third ossicle (little bone) of the middle ear

116
Q

organ of Corti

A

region in the cochlea that contains auditory receptors

117
Q

perilymph and endolymph

A

auditory fluids circulating within the inner ear

118
Q

cerumen

A

wax in the external auditory meatus

119
Q

vestibule

A

central cavity of the inner ear that connects the semicircular canals and the cochlea

120
Q

oval window

A

delicate membrane between the middle and the inner ears

121
Q

tympanic membrane

A

eardrum

122
Q

instrument to examine the ear

A

otoscope

123
Q

removal of the third bone of the middle ear

A

stapedectomy

124
Q

pertaining to the auditory tube and throat

A

salpingopharyngeal

125
Q

flow of pus from the ear

A

otopyorrhea

126
Q

instrument to measure hearing

A

audiometer

127
Q

incision of the eardrum

A

myringotomy (tympanotomy)

128
Q

surgical repair of the eardrum

A

tympanoplasty (myringoplasty)

129
Q

deafness due to old age

A

presbycusis

130
Q

small ear

A

microtia

131
Q

inflammation of the middle ear

A

otitis media

132
Q

vertigo

A

sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects

133
Q

Meniere disease

A

disorder of the labyrinth marked by elevation of ear fluids and pressure within the cochlea (tinnitus, vertigo, and nausea result)

134
Q

otosclerosis

A

hardening in the bony tissue of the ossicles of the middle ear

135
Q

tinnitus

A

noise (ringing, buzzing) in the ears

136
Q

labyrinthitis

A

inflammation of the labyrinth of the inner ear

137
Q

cholesteatoma

A

collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the

middle ear

138
Q

suppurative otitis media

A

inflammation of the middle ear with bacterial infection and pus collection

139
Q

acoustic neuroma

A

benign tumor arising from the acoustic nerve in the brain

140
Q

mastoiditis

A

inflammation of the mastoid process (behind the ear)

141
Q

myringitis

A

inflammation of the eardrum

142
Q

ENG

A

electronystagmography; a test of balance

143
Q

AS

A

L ear

144
Q

AD

A

R ear

145
Q

EENT

A

eyes, ears, nose, and throat

146
Q

ENT

A

ears, nose, and throat

147
Q

PE tube

A

pressure-equalizing tube; ventilating tube placed in the

eardrum

148
Q

acous/o

A

hearing

149
Q

ambly/o

A

dim, dull

150
Q

anis/o

A

unequal

151
Q

aque/o

A

water

152
Q

audi/o

A

hearing

153
Q

audit/o

A

hearing

154
Q

aur/o

A

ear

155
Q

auricul/o

A

ear

156
Q

cochle/o

A

cochlea (inner part of ear)

157
Q

conjunctiv/o

A

conjunctiva (lines the eyelids)

158
Q

cycl/o

A

ciliary body of eye; cycle; circle

159
Q

dipl/o

A

double

160
Q

glauc/o

A

gray

161
Q

ir/o

A

iris (colored portion of eye)

162
Q

irid/o

A

iris (colored portion of eye)

163
Q

mastoid/o

A

mastoid process (behind the ear)

164
Q

mi/o

A

smaller, less

165
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

166
Q

mydr/o

A

wide

167
Q

myring/o

A

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

168
Q

nyct/o

A

night

169
Q

optic/o

A

eye; vision

170
Q

ossicul/o

A

ossicle (small bone)

171
Q

ot/o

A

ear

172
Q

papill/o

A

optic disc (disk); nipple-like

173
Q

phot/o

A

light

174
Q

presby/o

A

old age

175
Q

retin/o

A

retina

176
Q

salping/o

A

auditory (eustachian) tube

177
Q

scler/o

A

sclera (white of eye); hard

178
Q

staped/o

A

stapes (middle ear bone)

179
Q

tympan/o

A

tympanic membrane (eardrum); middle ear

180
Q

uve/o

A

uvea, vascular layer of eye (iris, choroid, ciliary body)

181
Q

vestibul/o

A

vestibule of the inner ear

182
Q

vitre/o

A

glass

183
Q

xer/o

A

dry

184
Q

-acusis

A

hearing

185
Q

-cusis

A

hearing

186
Q

-meter

A

measure

187
Q

-opia

A

vision condition

188
Q

-opsia

A

vision condition

189
Q

-otia

A

ear condition

190
Q

-phobia

A

fear

191
Q

-plegic

A

pertaining to paralysis; palsy

192
Q

-tropia

A

to turn

med term - exam 4 (9 decks)

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