Chap 17 - Eyes and Ears Review Flashcards
(192 cards)
1
Q
pupil
A
Open center of the iris through which light rays enter
2
Q
conjunctiva
A
Delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball
3
Q
cornea
A
Fibrous layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball
4
Q
sclera
A
Tough, white outer layer of the eyeball.
5
Q
choroid
A
Vascular layer of the eyeball that is continuous with the
iris
6
Q
iris
A
Colored portion of the eye; surrounds the pupil
7
Q
ciliary body
A
Contains muscles that control the shape of the lens and
secretes aqueous humor
8
Q
lens
A
Transparent structure behind the iris and in front of
the vitreous humor; it refracts light rays onto the
retina.
9
Q
retina
A
Contains sensitive cells called rods and cones that
transform light energy into nerve impulses.
10
Q
vitreous humor
A
Jelly-like material behind the lens that helps maintain
the shape of the eyeball
11
Q
The region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina is the _____________ .
A
optic disk
12
Q
The normal adjustment of the lens (becoming fatter) to bring an object into focus for near vision on the retina is ___________ .
A
accommodation
13
Q
A yellowish region on the retina lateral to the optic disc is the ____________ .
A
macula
14
Q
The tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision is the ___________ .
A
fovea centralis
15
Q
The bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye is ____________________ .
A
refraction
16
Q
The point at which the fibers of the optic nerve cross in the brain is the _____________ .
A
optic chiasm
17
Q
The photoreceptor cells in the retina that make the perception of color possible are the _____________ .
A
cones
18
Q
The photoreceptor cells in the retina that make vision in dim light possible are the ______________ .
A
rods
19
Q
The _______________ is the area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris. It contains aqueous humor.
A
anterior chamber
20
Q
The posterior, inner part of the eye is the _______________ .
A
fundus
21
Q
fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue over the eyeball
A
cornea
22
Q
space and fluid in the front of the eye
A
anterior chamber and aqueous humor
23
Q
central opening of the iris
A
pupil
24
Q
transparent, biconvex body that refracts light rays
A
lens
25
space and soft, jelly-like material in the posterior (back) of eye
vitreous chamber and vitreous humor
26
light-sensitive inner nerve cell layer; rods and cones
retina
27
cranial nerve
optic nerve fibers
28
area of brain where optic nerve fibers cross
optic chiasm
29
relay center of the brain
thalamus
30
visual region of the brain
cerebral cortex (occipital lobe)
31
optic nerve
cranial nerve that carries impulses from the retina to the brain
32
biconvex
having two sides that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly
33
anisocoria
condition of pupils of unequal (anis/o) size
34
cycloplegic
pertaining to paralysis of the ciliary muscles
35
palpebral
pertaining to the eyelid
36
mydriasis
condition of enlargement of the pupil
37
miosis
condition of constriction of the pupil
38
papilledema
swelling in the region of the optic disc
39
photophobia
condition of sensitivity to (“fear of ”) light
40
scotoma
blind spot; area of darkened (diminished) vision surrounded by clear vision
41
inflammation of an eyelid
blepharitis
42
inflammation of the conjunctiva
conjunctivitis
43
inflammation of a tear gland
dacryoadenitis
44
inflammation of the iris
iritis
45
inflammation of the cornea
keratitis
46
inflammation of the white of the eye
scleritis
47
inflammation of the retina
retinitis
48
prolapse of the eyelid
blepharoptosis
49
pertaining to tears
lacrimal
50
pertaining to within the eye
intraocular
51
fibrous layer of clear tissue over the front of the eyeball has a defect resulting from infection
corneal ulcer
52
inflammation of the vascular layer of the eye (iris, ciliary body, and choroid)
uveitis
53
condition of dry eyes
xerophthalmia
54
absence of vision in half of the visual field
hemianopsia
55
eye abnormally turns outward
exotropia
56
medical doctor who treats diseases of the eyes
ophthalmologist
57
nonmedical professional who can examine eyes and prescribe glasses
optometrist
58
nonmedical professional who grinds lenses and fits glasses
optician
59
absence of the lens of the eye
aphakia
60
eye abnormally turns inward
esotropia
61
amblyopia
decreased (dim) vision; lazy eye (resulting from strabismus and uncorrected refractive errors in childhood)
62
hyperopia
farsightedness
63
presbyopia
decreased vision at near, resulting from old age
64
myopia
nearsightedness
65
nyctalopia
night blindness; decreased vision at night
66
diplopia
double vision
67
astigmatism
defective curvature of the lens and cornea leading to blurred vision
68
In the myopic eye, light rays do not focus properly on the _________ . Either the eyeball is too ________ or the refractive power of the lens is too __________ , so that the image is blurred and comes to a focus in __________ of the retina. The type of lens used to correct this refractive error is called a/an _____________ lens.
retina; long; strong; front; concave
69
In the hyperopic eye, the eyeball is too __________ or the refractive power of the lens too __________ , so that the image is blurred and focused in _____________ of the retina. The type of lens used to correct this refractive error is called a/an __________ lens.
short; weak; back; convex
70
A miotic is a drug that ____________ the pupil of the eye.
constricts
71
A mydriatic is a drug that ___________ the pupil of the eye.
dilates
72
retinal microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization occur secondary to an abnormal endocrine condition
diabetic retinopathy
73
two layers of the retina separate from each other
retinal detachment
74
abnormal deviations of the eye occur (esotropia and exotropia)
strabismus
75
clouding of the lens causes decreased vision
cataract
76
loss of central vision caused by deterioration of the macula of the retina
macular degeneration
77
localized, purulent infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid
hordeolum (stye)
78
small, firm, cystic mass on the eyelid; formed as a result of chronic inflammation of a sebaceous gland
chalazion
79
increased intraocular pressure results in optic nerve damage
glaucoma
80
pigmented scarring forms throughout the retina
retinitis pigmentosa
81
repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes
nystagmus
82
Stroke (hemianopsia)
loss of half of the visual field caused by a stroke affecting the left visual cortex
83
Glaucoma
loss of peripheral vision first (darkness around the edges of the picture)
84
Cataract
causes blurred vision
85
lacrim/o
tears
86
dacry/o
tears
87
kerat/o
cornea
88
corne/o
cornea
89
blephar/o
eyelid
90
palpebr/o
eyelid
91
cor/o
pupil
92
pupill/o
pupil
93
phac/o
lens
94
phak/o
lens
95
ocul/o
eye
96
ophthalm/o
eye
97
opt/o
eye
98
scot/o
darkness
99
ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens, and it is aspirated from the eye
phacoemulsification
100
test of clearness of vision
visual acuity test
101
measurement of tension or pressure within the eye; glaucoma test
tonometry
102
high-energy light radiation beams are used to stop retinal hemorrhaging
laser photocoagulation
103
a laser removes corneal tissue (sculpts it) to correct myopia
LASIK
104
intravenous injection of dye followed by photographs of the eye through dilated pupils
fluorescein angiography
105
suture of a silicone band to the sclera to correct retinal detachment
scleral buckle
106
test to measure central and peripheral vision (area within which objects are seen) when the eyes are looking straight ahead
visual field test
107
removal (and replacement) of diseased fluid in the chamber behind the lens of the eye
vitrectomy
108
visual examination of the interior of the eye after dilation of the pupil
ophthalmoscopy
109
use of an instrument for microscopic examination of parts of the eye
slit lamp microscopy
110
corneal transplant surgery
keratoplasty
111
transmission of sound wave to the brain from the outer ear
1. pinna (auricle)
2. external auditory canal
3. tympanic membrane
4. malleus
5. incus
6. stapes
7. oval window
8. cochlea
9. auditory liquids and receptors
10. auditory nerve fibers
11. cerebral cortex
112
labyrinth
cochlea and organs of equilibrium (semicircular canals and vestibule)
113
semicircular canals
organ of equilibrium in the inner ear
114
auditory (eustachian) tube
passageway between the middle ear and the throat
115
stapes
third ossicle (little bone) of the middle ear
116
organ of Corti
region in the cochlea that contains auditory receptors
117
perilymph and endolymph
auditory fluids circulating within the inner ear
118
cerumen
wax in the external auditory meatus
119
vestibule
central cavity of the inner ear that connects the semicircular canals and the cochlea
120
oval window
delicate membrane between the middle and the inner ears
121
tympanic membrane
eardrum
122
instrument to examine the ear
otoscope
123
removal of the third bone of the middle ear
stapedectomy
124
pertaining to the auditory tube and throat
salpingopharyngeal
125
flow of pus from the ear
otopyorrhea
126
instrument to measure hearing
audiometer
127
incision of the eardrum
myringotomy (tympanotomy)
128
surgical repair of the eardrum
tympanoplasty (myringoplasty)
129
deafness due to old age
presbycusis
130
small ear
microtia
131
inflammation of the middle ear
otitis media
132
vertigo
sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects
133
Meniere disease
disorder of the labyrinth marked by elevation of ear fluids and pressure within the cochlea (tinnitus, vertigo, and nausea result)
134
otosclerosis
hardening in the bony tissue of the ossicles of the middle ear
135
tinnitus
noise (ringing, buzzing) in the ears
136
labyrinthitis
inflammation of the labyrinth of the inner ear
137
cholesteatoma
collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the
| middle ear
138
suppurative otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear with bacterial infection and pus collection
139
acoustic neuroma
benign tumor arising from the acoustic nerve in the brain
140
mastoiditis
inflammation of the mastoid process (behind the ear)
141
myringitis
inflammation of the eardrum
142
ENG
electronystagmography; a test of balance
143
AS
L ear
144
AD
R ear
145
EENT
eyes, ears, nose, and throat
146
ENT
ears, nose, and throat
147
PE tube
pressure-equalizing tube; ventilating tube placed in the
| eardrum
148
acous/o
hearing
149
ambly/o
dim, dull
150
anis/o
unequal
151
aque/o
water
152
audi/o
hearing
153
audit/o
hearing
154
aur/o
ear
155
auricul/o
ear
156
cochle/o
cochlea (inner part of ear)
157
conjunctiv/o
conjunctiva (lines the eyelids)
158
cycl/o
ciliary body of eye; cycle; circle
159
dipl/o
double
160
glauc/o
gray
161
ir/o
iris (colored portion of eye)
162
irid/o
iris (colored portion of eye)
163
mastoid/o
mastoid process (behind the ear)
164
mi/o
smaller, less
165
myc/o
fungus
166
mydr/o
wide
167
myring/o
tympanic membrane (eardrum)
168
nyct/o
night
169
optic/o
eye; vision
170
ossicul/o
ossicle (small bone)
171
ot/o
ear
172
papill/o
optic disc (disk); nipple-like
173
phot/o
light
174
presby/o
old age
175
retin/o
retina
176
salping/o
auditory (eustachian) tube
177
scler/o
sclera (white of eye); hard
178
staped/o
stapes (middle ear bone)
179
tympan/o
tympanic membrane (eardrum); middle ear
180
uve/o
uvea, vascular layer of eye (iris, choroid, ciliary body)
181
vestibul/o
vestibule of the inner ear
182
vitre/o
glass
183
xer/o
dry
184
-acusis
hearing
185
-cusis
hearing
186
-meter
measure
187
-opia
vision condition
188
-opsia
vision condition
189
-otia
ear condition
190
-phobia
fear
191
-plegic
pertaining to paralysis; palsy
192
-tropia
to turn
