Chap 18 - Endocrine Review Flashcards
(168 cards)
1
Q
behind the stomach ______________
A
pancreas
2
Q
posterior side of the thyroid gland _____________
A
parathyroid
3
Q
inner section of glands above each kidney___________
A
adrenal medulla
4
Q
in the scrotal sac _______________
A
testis
5
Q
on either side of the trachea _______________
A
thyroid gand
6
Q
outer section of gland above each kidney _____________
A
adrenal cortex
7
Q
lower abdomen of a female ____________
A
ovary
8
Q
below the brain in the sella turcica ______________
A
pituitary (hypophysis)
9
Q
follicle-stimulating hormone
A
anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
10
Q
vasopressin
A
posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)
11
Q
aldosterone
A
adrenal cortex
12
Q
insulin
A
beta islet cells of the pancreas
13
Q
thyroxine
A
thyroid gland
14
Q
cortisol
A
adrenal cortex
15
Q
gonadotropic hormones
A
anterior pituitary gland; these hormones are FSH and LH
16
Q
epinephrine
A
adrenal medulla
17
Q
oxytocin
A
posterior pituitary gland
18
Q
prolactin
A
anterior pituitary gland
19
Q
growth hormone
A
anterior pituitary gland
20
Q
glucagon
A
alpha islet cells of the pancreas
21
Q
adrenocorticotropic hormone
A
anterior pituitary gland
22
Q
estradiol
A
ovaries
23
Q
progesterone
A
ovaries
24
Q
testosterone
A
testes
25
thyroid-stimulating hormone
anterior pituitary gland
26
ADH
antidiuretic hormone
27
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
28
LH
luteinizing hormone
29
FSH
follicle-stimulating hormone
30
TSH
thyroid-stimulating hormone
31
PTH
parathyroid hormone
32
GH
growth hormone
33
PRL
prolactin
34
T4
thyroxine; tetraiodothyronine
35
T3
triiodothyronine
36
OT
oxytocin
37
STH
somatotropin (growth hormone)
38
sympathomimetic; raises heart rate and blood pressure
epinephrine
39
promotes growth and maintenance of male sex characteristics
testosterone
40
stimulates water reabsorption by kidney tubules; decreases urine output
ADH
41
increases metabolism in body cells
thyroxine
42
raises blood calcium
parathyroid hormone
43
increases reabsorption of sodium by kidney tubules
aldosterone
44
stimulates secretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex
ACTH
45
increases blood sugar
cortisol
46
helps transport glucose to cells; decreases blood sugar
insulin
47
develops and maintains female sex characteristics
estradiol
48
Cushing syndrome
hyper-secretion
adrenal cortex
cortisol
49
tetany
hypo-secretion
parathyroid gland
parathyroid hormone
50
Graves disease
hyper-secretion
thyroid gland
thyroxine
51
diabetes insipidus
hypo-secretion
neurohypophysis
ADH
52
acromegaly
hyper-secretion
adenohypophysis
GH
53
myxedema
hypo-secretion
thyroid gland
thyroxine
54
diabetes mellitus
hypo-secretion
pancreas
insulin
55
Addison disease
hypo-secretion
adrenal cortex
aldosterone and cortisol
56
gigantism
hypersecretion
adenohypophysis
GH
57
endemic goiter
hypo-secretion
thyroid gland
thyroxine
58
cretinism
hypo-secretion
thyroid gland
thyroxine
59
pheochromocytoma
hyper-secretion
adrenal medulla
epinephrine
60
abnormal condition (poison) of the thyroid gland:
thyrotoxicosis
61
removal of the pancreas:
pancreatectomy
62
condition of deficiency or underdevelopment of the sex organs:
hypogonadism
63
pertaining to producing female (characteristics):
estrogenic
64
removal of the pituitary gland:
hypophysectomy
65
deficiency of calcium in the blood:
hypocalcemia
66
excessive sugar in the blood:
hyperglycemia
67
inflammation of the thyroid gland:
thyroiditis
68
specialist in the study of hormone disorders:
endocrinologist
69
hyponatremia
deficient sodium in the blood
70
polydipsia
condition of excessive thirst
71
hyperkalemia
excessive potassium in the blood
72
hypercalcemia
excessive calcium in the blood
73
hypoglycemia
deficient sugar in the blood
74
glycosuria
condition of sugar in the urine
75
euthyroid
normal thyroid function
76
hyperthyroidism
condition of increased secretion from the thyroid gland
77
tetany
constant muscle contraction (result of hypoparathyroidism)
78
keoacidosis
condition of excessive ketones (acids) in the blood as a result of diabetes mellitus
79
gonadotropins
the male and female sex organs (ovaries and testes); examples of gonadotropins are FSH and LH
80
somatotropin
bones; another name for somatotropin is growth hormone
81
thyrotropin
thyroid gland; another name for thyrotropin is thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
82
adrenocorticotropin
```
adrenal cortex; another name for adrenocorticotropin is
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
```
83
steroids
complex substances derived from cholesterol; hormones from the adrenal cortex and sex hormones are steroids
84
catecholamines
complex substances derived from an amino acid; epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) are examples
85
adenohypophysis
anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
86
tetany
continuous contractions of muscles associated with low levels of parathyroid hormone
87
exophthalmos
eyeballs that bulge outward; associated with hyperthyroidism
88
mineralocorticoids
steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex (outer region of the adrenal gland) that influence salt (minerals such as sodium and potassium) metabolism
89
homeostasis
tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal
| environment
90
sympathomimetic
a substance that mimics the action of the sympathetic nerves; epinephrine (adrenaline) is an example
91
glucocorticoids
steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex that influence sugar metabolism in the body
92
epinephrine
catecholamine hormone from the adrenal medulla; adrenaline
93
glycogen
animal starch; storage form of glucose
94
androgen
male hormone; testosterone is an example
95
corticosteroid
hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; cortisol is an example
96
oxytocin
hormone from the posterior lobe of the pituitary that stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor
97
tetraiodothyronine
major hormone from the thyroid gland; thyroxine (contains four iodine atoms)
98
adrenal virilism
abnormal secretion of androgens from the adrenal cortex produces masculine characteristics in a female
99
thyroid carcinoma
cancerous tumor of the thyroid gland
100
hirsutism
excessive hair on the body (result of excessive secretion of androgens)
101
acromegaly
enlargement of extremities (excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty)
102
estradiol
female hormone; an estrogen
103
type 1
destruction of the beta cells (islets of Langerhans); insulin is not produced
104
diabetic neuropathy
destruction of nerves as a secondary complication of diabetes mellitus
105
ketoacidosis
abnormal condition of high levels of ketones (acids) in the blood as a result of improper burning of fats; fats are burned because the cells do not have sugar available as a result of lack of insulin or inability of insulin to act
106
hypoglycemia
too little sugar in the blood; this can occur if too much insulin is taken by a diabetic patient
107
type 2
insulin deficiency and resistance by target tissue to the action of insulin
108
diabetic retinopathy
destruction of blood vessels in the retina as a secondary complication of diabetes mellitus
109
diabetic coma
unconsciousness caused by high levels of sugar in the blood; water leaves cells to balance the large amounts of sugar in the blood, leading to cellular dehydration
110
diabetic nephropathy
destruction of the kidneys as a secondary complication of diabetes mellitus
111
atherosclerosis
collection of fatty plaque in arteries
112
hyperglycemia
high level of sugar in the blood; insulin is unavailable or unable to transport sugar from the blood into
cells
113
gastroparesis
decreased gastric motility (-paresis means slight paralysis); secondary complication of diabetes
114
insulin shock
hypoglycemic shock caused by an overdose of insulin, decreased intake of food, or excessive exercise
115
thyroid scan
Radioactive compound is given, and the thyroid gland is imaged using a scanning device.
116
fasting plasma glucose
Measurement of blood sugar levels in a fasting patient (at least 4 hours) and after intervals of 30 minutes and 1, 2, and 3 hours after ingestion of glucose.
117
exophthalmometry
Measurement of eyeball protrusion (symptom of Graves disease)
118
thyroid function test
Measurement of T3, T4, and TSH in the bloodstream
119
aden/o
gland
120
adrenal/o
adrenal gland
121
andr/o
male
122
calc/o, calci/o
calcium
123
cortic/o
cortex, outer region
124
crin/o
secrete
125
dips/o
thirst
126
estr/o
female
127
gluc/o
glucose; sugar
128
glyc/o
glucose; sugar
129
gonad/o
sex glands
130
home/o
sameness; unchanging; constant
131
hormon/o
hormone
132
insulin/o
insulin
133
kal/i
potassium
134
lact/o
milk
135
myx/o
mucus
136
natr/o
sodium
137
pancreat/o
pancreas
138
parathyroid/o
parathyroid glands
139
phys/o
growing
140
pituitar/o
pituitary gland
141
somat/o
body
142
ster/o
solid structure; steroid
143
thyr/o
thyroid gland; shield
144
thyroid/o
thyroid gland
145
toc/o
labor, birth
146
toxic/o
poison
147
ur/o
urine; urinary tract
148
-agon
assemble, gather
149
-ectomy
removal; excision; resection
150
-emia
blood condition
151
-genic
produced by or in
152
-in, -ine
substance
153
-megaly
enlargement
154
-oid
resembling; originating from
155
-osis
condition, usually abnormal
156
-physis
to grow
157
-stasis
stopping; controlling; placing
158
-tocin
labor; birth (a substance for)
159
-tropin
stimulate; act on
160
-uria
urination; condition of urine
161
eu-
good, normal
162
hyper-
excessive; above
163
hypo-
deficient; below; under; less than normal
164
oxy-
rapid, sharp, acid
165
pan-
all
166
poly-
many, increased
167
tetra-
four
168
tri-
three
