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Med Term - Exam 4 > Chap 17 - Eyes and Ears Textbook > Flashcards

Chap 17 - Eyes and Ears Textbook Flashcards

1
Q

accommodation

A

Normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near.

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2
Q

anterior chamber

A

Area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris. It contains aqueous humor

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3
Q

aqueous humor

A

Fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber.

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4
Q

biconvex

A

Consisting of two surfaces that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly, like part of a sphere. The lens of the eye is a biconvex body.

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5
Q

choroid

A

Middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera

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6
Q

ciliary body

A

Structure surrounding the lens that connects the choroid and iris; controls the shape of the lens, and it secretes aqueous humor

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7
Q

cone

A

Photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse. Cones are responsible for color and central vision.

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8
Q

conjunctiva

A

Delicate membrane lining the undersurface of the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball.

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9
Q

cornea

A

Fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball.

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10
Q

fovea centralis

A

Tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision.

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11
Q

fundus of the eye

A

Posterior, inner part of the eye.

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12
Q

iris

A

Pigmented (colored) layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eye.

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13
Q

lens

A

Transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye.

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14
Q

macula

A

Yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc

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15
Q

optic chiasm

A

Point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain

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16
Q

optic disc

A

Region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina. (blind spot)

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17
Q

optic nerve

A

Cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain (cerebral cortex).

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18
Q

pupil

A

Central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass.

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19
Q

refraction

A

Bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina.

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20
Q

retina

A

Light-sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells

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21
Q

rod

A

Photoreceptor cell of the retina essential for vision in dim light and for peripheral vision

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22
Q

sclera

A

Tough, white outer coat of the eyeball.

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23
Q

thalamus

A

Relay center of the brain.

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24
Q

vitreous humor

A

Soft, jelly-like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber

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25
Q

aque/o

A

water

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26
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

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27
Q

conjunctiv/o

A

conjunctiva

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28
Q

cor/o

A

pupil

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29
Q

corne/o

A

cornea

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30
Q

cycl/o

A

ciliary body or muscle of the eye

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31
Q

dacry/o

A

tears, treat duct

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32
Q

ir/o, irid/o

A

iris

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33
Q

kerat/o

A

cornea

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34
Q

lacrim/o

A

tears

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35
Q

ocul/o

A

eye

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36
Q

opthalm/o

A

eye

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37
Q

opt/o, optic/o

A

eye, vision

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38
Q

palpebr/o

A

eyelid

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39
Q

papill/o

A

optic disc; nipple-like

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40
Q

phac/o, phak/o

A

lens of the eye

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41
Q

pupill/o

A

pupil

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42
Q

retin/o

A

retina

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43
Q

scler/o

A

sclera

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44
Q

uve/o

A

uvea; vascular layer of the eye (iris, ciliary body, and choroid)

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45
Q

vitre/o

A

glassy

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46
Q

ambly/o

A

dull, dim

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47
Q

dipl/o

A

double

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48
Q

glauc/o

A

gray

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49
Q

mi/o

A

smaller, less

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50
Q

mydr/o

A

widen, enlarge

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51
Q

nyct/o

A

night

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52
Q

phot/o

A

light

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53
Q

presby/o

A

old age

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54
Q

scot/o

A

darkness

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55
Q

-opia

A

vision

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56
Q

-opsia

A

vision

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57
Q

-tropia

A

to turn

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58
Q

astigmatism

A

Defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye.

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59
Q

hyperopia (hypermetropia)

A

farsightedness

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60
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

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61
Q

presbyopia

A

Impairment of vision as a result of old age reducing lens accommodation

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62
Q

cataract

A

Clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision

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63
Q

chalazion

A

Small, hard, cystic mass on the eyelid.; formed as a result pf chronic inflammation of sebaceous gland along margin of eyelid

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64
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

Retinal effects of diabetes mellitus include microaneurysms,

hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization (new blood vessels form in the retina).

65
Q

glaucoma

A

Increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision.

66
Q

hordeolum (stye or sty)

A

Localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid.

67
Q

macular degeneration

A

Progressive damage to the macula of the retina.

68
Q

Blepharitis

A

Inflammation of eyelid, causing redness, crusting, and swelling along lid margins

69
Q

Dacryocystitis

A

Blockage, inflammation, and infection of a nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac, causing redness and swelling in
the region between the nose and the lower lid

70
Q

Ectropion

A

Outward sagging and eversion of the eyelid, leading to improper lacrimation and corneal drying and ulceration

71
Q

Entropion

A

Inversion of the eyelid, causing the lashes to rub against the eye; corneal abrasion may result

72
Q

Ptosis

A

Drooping of upper lid margin as a result of neuromuscular problems or trauma

73
Q

Xanthelasma

A

Raised yellowish plaque on eyelid caused by lipid disorder (xanth/o = yellow, -elasma = plate)

74
Q

nystagmus

A

Repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes

75
Q

retinal detachment

A

Two layers of the retina separate from each other.

photopsia - bright flashes of light

floaters - vitreous clumps of retina

scleral buckle - a belt used to buckle retina to sclera

pneumatic retinopexy - gas bubble is injected in vitreous cavity to help reattach the retina

76
Q

strabismus

A

Abnormal deviation of the eye.

77
Q

fluorescein angiography

A

dye injection to examine blood flow in the retina

78
Q

ophthalmoscopy

A

Visual examination of the interior of the eye through dilated pupil

79
Q

slit lamp microscopy

A

Examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification.

80
Q

visual acuity test

A

Clarity of vision is assessed

81
Q

visual field test

A

Measurement of the area (peripheral and central) within which objects are seen when the eyes are fixed, looking straight ahead without movement of the head

82
Q

enucleation

A

Removal of the entire eyeball.

83
Q

keratoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the cornea.

84
Q

laser photocoagulation

A

an argon laser creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky blood vessels

85
Q

LASIK

A

laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism).

86
Q

phacoemulsification

A

Ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens, which then is aspirated through the ultrasonic probe

87
Q

scleral buckle

A

Suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina.

88
Q

outer ear

A

pinna (auricle)

external auditory meatus (auditory canal)

tympanic membrane

89
Q

middle ear

A

tympanic membrane (eardrum).

three small bones (ossicles) malleus, incus, stapes.

oval window

eustachian tube

90
Q

inner ear

A

cochlea

auditory nerve fibers

91
Q

auditory canal

A

Channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum.

92
Q

auditory meatus

A

Auditory canal.

93
Q

auditory nerve fibers

A

Carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain

94
Q

auditory tube

A

Channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx; eustachian tube.

95
Q

auricle

A

Flap of the ear; the protruding part of the external ear, or pinna.

96
Q

cerumen

A

Waxy substance secreted by the external ear; also called earwax.

97
Q

cochlea

A

Snail shell–shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear; contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells.

98
Q

endolymph

A

Fluid within the labyrinth of the inner ear.

99
Q

eustachian tube

A

Auditory tube.

100
Q

incus

A

Second ossicle (bone) of the middle ear; incus means anvil.

101
Q

labyrinth

A

Maze-like series of canals of the inner ear. This includes the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals.

102
Q

malleus

A

First ossicle of the middle ear; malleus means hammer.

103
Q

organ of Corti

A

Sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear.

104
Q

ossicle

A

Small bone of the ear; includes the malleus, incus, and stapes.

105
Q

oval window

A

Membrane between the middle ear and the inner ear.

106
Q

perilymph

A

Fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear.

107
Q

pinna

A

Auricle; flap of the ear.

108
Q

semicircular canals

A

Passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium

109
Q

stapes

A

Third ossicle of the middle ear. Stapes means stirrup.

110
Q

tympanic membrane

A

Membrane between the outer and the middle ear; also called the eardrum.

111
Q

vestibule

A

Central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the semicircular canals and the cochlea. The vestibule contains two structures, the saccule and utricle, that help to maintain equilibrium.

112
Q

acous/o

A

hearing

113
Q

audi/o

A

hearing; the sense of hearing

114
Q

audit/o

A

hearing

115
Q

aur/o, auricul/o

A

ear

116
Q

cochle/o

A

cochlea

117
Q

mastoid/o

A

mastoid process

118
Q

myring/o

A

eardrum, tympanic membrane (see tympan/o)

119
Q

ossicul/o

A

ossicle

120
Q

ot/o

A

ear

121
Q

salping/o

A

eustachian tube, auditory tube

122
Q

staped/o

A

stapes (third bone of the middle ear)

123
Q

tympan/o

A

eardrum, tympanic membrane

124
Q

vestibul/o

A

vestibule

125
Q

acusis or -cusis

A

hearing

126
Q

-meter

A

instrument ro measure

127
Q

-otia

A

ear condition

128
Q

acoustic neuroma

A

Benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth cranial nerve) in the brain.

129
Q

cholesteatoma

A

Collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear.

130
Q

deafness

A

loss of the ability to hear

131
Q

Nerve deafness (sensorineural hearing loss)

A

impairment of the cochlea or auditory (acoustic) nerve

132
Q

Conductive deafness

A

impairment of the middle ear ossicles and membranes transmitting sound waves into the cochlea

133
Q

Meniere disease

A

Disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear; elevated endolymph pressure within the cochlea (cochlear hydrops) and semicircular canals (vestibular hydrops).

134
Q

otitis media

A

inflammation of the middle ear

135
Q

Serous otitis media

A

noninfectious inflammation with accumulation of serous fluid

136
Q

suppurative otitis media

A

bacteria invade the middle ear, pus formation occurs

137
Q

otosclerosis

A

Hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear

138
Q

tinnitus

A

Sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ears.

139
Q

vertigo

A

Sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects.

140
Q

audiometry

A

testing the sense of hearing

141
Q

cochlear implant procedure

A

Surgical insertion of a device that allows sensorineural hearing–impaired persons to understand speech.

142
Q

ear thermometry

A

Measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum.

143
Q

otoscopy

A

Visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope

144
Q

tuning fork test

A

Test of ear conduction using a vibration source (tuning fork).

145
Q

Rinne test

A

examiner places the base of the vibrating fork against the patient’s mastoid bone (bone conduction) and in front of the auditory meatus (air conduction)

146
Q

Weber test

A

tuning fork is placed on the center of the forehead. The loudness of sound is equal in both ears if hearing is normal.

147
Q

AMD

A

age-related macular degeneration

148
Q

HEENT

A

head, eyes, ears, nose, throat

149
Q

IOL

A

intraocular lens

150
Q

IOP

A

intraocular pressure

151
Q

OD

A

R eye

152
Q

OS

A

L eye

153
Q

OU

A

both eyes

154
Q

PERRLA

A

pupils equal, round, creative to light and accommodation

155
Q

POAG

A

primary, open-angle glaucoma

156
Q

PRK

A

Photorefractive keratectomy

157
Q

VA

A

visual acuity

158
Q

VF

A

visual field

159
Q

balance and equilibrium

A

vestibule

semicircular canals

Med Term - Exam 4 (9 decks)

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