Chap 17 - Eyes and Ears Textbook Flashcards
(159 cards)
1
Q
accommodation
A
Normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near.
2
Q
anterior chamber
A
Area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris. It contains aqueous humor
3
Q
aqueous humor
A
Fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber.
4
Q
biconvex
A
Consisting of two surfaces that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly, like part of a sphere. The lens of the eye is a biconvex body.
5
Q
choroid
A
Middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera
6
Q
ciliary body
A
Structure surrounding the lens that connects the choroid and iris; controls the shape of the lens, and it secretes aqueous humor
7
Q
cone
A
Photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse. Cones are responsible for color and central vision.
8
Q
conjunctiva
A
Delicate membrane lining the undersurface of the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball.
9
Q
cornea
A
Fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball.
10
Q
fovea centralis
A
Tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision.
11
Q
fundus of the eye
A
Posterior, inner part of the eye.
12
Q
iris
A
Pigmented (colored) layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eye.
13
Q
lens
A
Transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye.
14
Q
macula
A
Yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc
15
Q
optic chiasm
A
Point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain
16
Q
optic disc
A
Region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina. (blind spot)
17
Q
optic nerve
A
Cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain (cerebral cortex).
18
Q
pupil
A
Central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass.
19
Q
refraction
A
Bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina.
20
Q
retina
A
Light-sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells
21
Q
rod
A
Photoreceptor cell of the retina essential for vision in dim light and for peripheral vision
22
Q
sclera
A
Tough, white outer coat of the eyeball.
23
Q
thalamus
A
Relay center of the brain.
24
Q
vitreous humor
A
Soft, jelly-like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber
25
aque/o
water
26
blephar/o
eyelid
27
conjunctiv/o
conjunctiva
28
cor/o
pupil
29
corne/o
cornea
30
cycl/o
ciliary body or muscle of the eye
31
dacry/o
tears, treat duct
32
ir/o, irid/o
iris
33
kerat/o
cornea
34
lacrim/o
tears
35
ocul/o
eye
36
opthalm/o
eye
37
opt/o, optic/o
eye, vision
38
palpebr/o
eyelid
39
papill/o
optic disc; nipple-like
40
phac/o, phak/o
lens of the eye
41
pupill/o
pupil
42
retin/o
retina
43
scler/o
sclera
44
uve/o
uvea; vascular layer of the eye (iris, ciliary body, and choroid)
45
vitre/o
glassy
46
ambly/o
dull, dim
47
dipl/o
double
48
glauc/o
gray
49
mi/o
smaller, less
50
mydr/o
widen, enlarge
51
nyct/o
night
52
phot/o
light
53
presby/o
old age
54
scot/o
darkness
55
-opia
vision
56
-opsia
vision
57
-tropia
to turn
58
astigmatism
Defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye.
59
hyperopia (hypermetropia)
farsightedness
60
myopia
nearsightedness
61
presbyopia
Impairment of vision as a result of old age reducing lens accommodation
62
cataract
Clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision
63
chalazion
Small, hard, cystic mass on the eyelid.; formed as a result pf chronic inflammation of sebaceous gland along margin of eyelid
64
diabetic retinopathy
Retinal effects of diabetes mellitus include microaneurysms,
| hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization (new blood vessels form in the retina).
65
glaucoma
Increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision.
66
hordeolum (stye or sty)
Localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid.
67
macular degeneration
Progressive damage to the macula of the retina.
68
Blepharitis
Inflammation of eyelid, causing redness, crusting, and swelling along lid margins
69
Dacryocystitis
Blockage, inflammation, and infection of a nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac, causing redness and swelling in
the region between the nose and the lower lid
70
Ectropion
Outward sagging and eversion of the eyelid, leading to improper lacrimation and corneal drying and ulceration
71
Entropion
Inversion of the eyelid, causing the lashes to rub against the eye; corneal abrasion may result
72
Ptosis
Drooping of upper lid margin as a result of neuromuscular problems or trauma
73
Xanthelasma
Raised yellowish plaque on eyelid caused by lipid disorder (xanth/o = yellow, -elasma = plate)
74
nystagmus
Repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes
75
retinal detachment
Two layers of the retina separate from each other.
photopsia - bright flashes of light
floaters - vitreous clumps of retina
scleral buckle - a belt used to buckle retina to sclera
pneumatic retinopexy - gas bubble is injected in vitreous cavity to help reattach the retina
76
strabismus
Abnormal deviation of the eye.
77
fluorescein angiography
dye injection to examine blood flow in the retina
78
ophthalmoscopy
Visual examination of the interior of the eye through dilated pupil
79
slit lamp microscopy
Examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification.
80
visual acuity test
Clarity of vision is assessed
81
visual field test
Measurement of the area (peripheral and central) within which objects are seen when the eyes are fixed, looking straight ahead without movement of the head
82
enucleation
Removal of the entire eyeball.
83
keratoplasty
Surgical repair of the cornea.
84
laser photocoagulation
an argon laser creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky blood vessels
85
LASIK
laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism).
86
phacoemulsification
Ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens, which then is aspirated through the ultrasonic probe
87
scleral buckle
Suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina.
88
outer ear
pinna (auricle)
external auditory meatus (auditory canal)
tympanic membrane
89
middle ear
tympanic membrane (eardrum).
three small bones (ossicles) malleus, incus, stapes.
oval window
eustachian tube
90
inner ear
cochlea
auditory nerve fibers
91
auditory canal
Channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum.
92
auditory meatus
Auditory canal.
93
auditory nerve fibers
Carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain
94
auditory tube
Channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx; eustachian tube.
95
auricle
Flap of the ear; the protruding part of the external ear, or pinna.
96
cerumen
Waxy substance secreted by the external ear; also called earwax.
97
cochlea
Snail shell–shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear; contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells.
98
endolymph
Fluid within the labyrinth of the inner ear.
99
eustachian tube
Auditory tube.
100
incus
Second ossicle (bone) of the middle ear; incus means anvil.
101
labyrinth
Maze-like series of canals of the inner ear. This includes the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals.
102
malleus
First ossicle of the middle ear; malleus means hammer.
103
organ of Corti
Sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear.
104
ossicle
Small bone of the ear; includes the malleus, incus, and stapes.
105
oval window
Membrane between the middle ear and the inner ear.
106
perilymph
Fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear.
107
pinna
Auricle; flap of the ear.
108
semicircular canals
Passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium
109
stapes
Third ossicle of the middle ear. Stapes means stirrup.
110
tympanic membrane
Membrane between the outer and the middle ear; also called the eardrum.
111
vestibule
Central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the semicircular canals and the cochlea. The vestibule contains two structures, the saccule and utricle, that help to maintain equilibrium.
112
acous/o
hearing
113
audi/o
hearing; the sense of hearing
114
audit/o
hearing
115
aur/o, auricul/o
ear
116
cochle/o
cochlea
117
mastoid/o
mastoid process
118
myring/o
eardrum, tympanic membrane (see tympan/o)
119
ossicul/o
ossicle
120
ot/o
ear
121
salping/o
eustachian tube, auditory tube
122
staped/o
stapes (third bone of the middle ear)
123
tympan/o
eardrum, tympanic membrane
124
vestibul/o
vestibule
125
acusis or -cusis
hearing
126
-meter
instrument ro measure
127
-otia
ear condition
128
acoustic neuroma
Benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth cranial nerve) in the brain.
129
cholesteatoma
Collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear.
130
deafness
loss of the ability to hear
131
Nerve deafness (sensorineural hearing loss)
impairment of the cochlea or auditory (acoustic) nerve
132
Conductive deafness
impairment of the middle ear ossicles and membranes transmitting sound waves into the cochlea
133
Meniere disease
Disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear; elevated endolymph pressure within the cochlea (cochlear hydrops) and semicircular canals (vestibular hydrops).
134
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear
135
Serous otitis media
noninfectious inflammation with accumulation of serous fluid
136
suppurative otitis media
bacteria invade the middle ear, pus formation occurs
137
otosclerosis
Hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear
138
tinnitus
Sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ears.
139
vertigo
Sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects.
140
audiometry
testing the sense of hearing
141
cochlear implant procedure
Surgical insertion of a device that allows sensorineural hearing–impaired persons to understand speech.
142
ear thermometry
Measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum.
143
otoscopy
Visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope
144
tuning fork test
Test of ear conduction using a vibration source (tuning fork).
145
Rinne test
examiner places the base of the vibrating fork against the patient’s mastoid bone (bone conduction) and in front of the auditory meatus (air conduction)
146
Weber test
tuning fork is placed on the center of the forehead. The loudness of sound is equal in both ears if hearing is normal.
147
AMD
age-related macular degeneration
148
HEENT
head, eyes, ears, nose, throat
149
IOL
intraocular lens
150
IOP
intraocular pressure
151
OD
R eye
152
OS
L eye
153
OU
both eyes
154
PERRLA
pupils equal, round, creative to light and accommodation
155
POAG
primary, open-angle glaucoma
156
PRK
Photorefractive keratectomy
157
VA
visual acuity
158
VF
visual field
159
balance and equilibrium
vestibule
| semicircular canals
