chap 29

Question 1

derived characteristics present in land plants that are absent in their nearest algal relatives (5)

Answer 1

1. tissues arise from apical meristems
2. Multicellular dependent embryo (aka embryophytes)
3. Alternation of generations -
4. adaptations to reduce water loss
5. Multicellular gametangia

Question 2

tissues arise from apical meristems

Answer 2

complex bodies with specialized tissues and organs above and below ground. (xlyem and phloem)

Question 3

Multicellular dependent embryo (aka embryophytes) -

Answer 3

Multicellular embryos develop from zygotes and are retained inside of the female gametophyte, which provides nutrients and protection for the zygote.

Question 4

Alternation of generations

Answer 4

Multicellular haploid and diploid stages. Evolved in various algae, but not in charophytes.

Question 5

adaptations to reduce water loss

Answer 5

bodies composed of 3D tissues, waxy cuticle that prevents pathogen attack, and stomate pores and allow gas exchange.

Question 6

Multicellular gametangia

Answer 6

Gametangia is a multicellular organ (haploid) that produces gametes

Question 7

adaptations of land plants to terrestrial env.

5

Answer 7

• new tissue formed at meristems
• cuticle
• stomata
• tough-walled spores
• structures that allow for rep on land

Question 8

new tissue formed at meristems

Answer 8

Allows the plant to grow in it’s environment because it can’t move and needs minerals from underground, and sunlight from above ground

Question 9

stomata

Answer 9

Specialized pores that regulate (by opening/closing) gas exchange and water loss

Question 10

tough-walled spores

Answer 10

The polymer sporopollenin around plant spores make them tough

Question 11

what structure helped rep on land

Answer 11

Spores resisted desiccation (drying) and could be transmitted in more ways than just by water

Question 12

describe alternation of gens

Answer 12

1) gametophyte (n) –> mitosis –> gametes + fertilization –> 2n (zygote) –> mitosis –> sporophyte (2n) –> meiosis –> spore(n) –> mitosis

Question 13

impo of lignin and vascular structures as an adaptation for land life in vascular plants

Answer 13

-Allowed plants to grow tall and out-compete shorter plants (more light, seeds dispersed higher/farther)
lignin - strengthens cell walls

Question 14

appearance and spread of seedless plants impact on Earth’s ecology

Answer 14

decreases CO2
decomposing plants = coal
increasing rock weathering = more minerals
increase N in soil

Question 15

microphyll

Answer 15

small, spined-shape leaves - supported bt single strand of v tissue

lycophytes only

Question 16

megaphylly

Answer 16

Highly branched vascular system

monilophytes only

Question 17

sporophyll

Answer 17

produce sporangia

Question 18

sporophyte

Answer 18

-Multicellular diploid, spore producing plant

Question 19

gametophyte

Answer 19

-Multicellular haploid, gamete producing plant
-Gameto: gamete; phyte: producing-plant

Question 20

spore

Answer 20

• haploid from the meiosis of sporophyte
• makes gametophyte from mitosis

Question 21

sporangia

Answer 21

-Multicellular organ that produces spores on a sporophyte
-sporocytes inside sporangia actually undergo meiosis to produce spores

Question 22

gametangia

Answer 22

Multicellular organ that produces gametes (female: archegonia; male: antheridia)

Question 23

xylem

Answer 23

water and minerals
up

Question 24

phloem

Answer 24

Cells that are arranged into tubes that distribute sugars, amino acids, and other organic products down

Question 25

lignin

Answer 25

Polymer found in water-conducting cells in plants that strengthen their cell walls for support

Question 26

rhizoids

Answer 26

Long, tubular or filament single cells like *roots*. they have some water and mineral absorption. but mainly there to keep the plant in place lower plants/non vascular plants

Question 27

vascular tissue

Answer 27

Cells joining into tubes that transport water and nutrients through a plant body

Question 28

cuticle

Answer 28

Waxy covering that acts as waterproofing in many plants to minimize water loss

Question 29

bryophyte

Answer 29

nonv plants -small -dominant gametophyte -moist env

Question 30

lycophyte

Answer 30

have one branch of v. tissue

Question 31

monilophyte

Answer 31

mutilple branches of v. tissues ex. ferns