Chap 4

Question 1

What is Risk Aversion?

Answer 1

In decision making, the greater weight given to possible losses than possible gains

Question 2

What is Temporal Discounting?

Answer 2

In decision making, the greater weight given to the present over the future

Question 3

What is certainty effect/

Answer 3

In decision making, the greater weight given to the definite outcomes than to probabilities

Question 4

What is Keeping options open?

Answer 4

people [refer to postpone hard decisions and keep their options open as long as possible.

Question 5

What is error manageent theory?

Answer 5

the idea that both men and women seek to minimize the most costly type of error, but that men’s and women’s goals and hence, worst errors, differ.

Question 6

What is Status quo Bias?

Answer 6

The perference to keep things the way they are rather than change

Question 7

What is Omission bias?

Answer 7

The tendency to take whatever course of action does not require you to do anything(also called default option)

Question 8

What is Reacxtence theory?

Answer 8

The idea that people are distressed by loss of freedom or options and seek to reclaim them.

Question 9

What are the three rections to reactance theory?

Answer 9

1. makes option seem more atteractive
2. you may try to reclaim the forbidden option
3. you may act agressively to the person who has restricted the option from you

Question 10

What is an entity theorists?

Answer 10

those who believe tat traits are fixed, stable things and people should not be expected to change

Question 11

What are incremential theorists?

Answer 11

Those who believe that traits are subject to change and improvement.

Question 12

What is learned helplessness?

Answer 12

belief that one’s desires will not bruing about desired outcomes, leading one to give up and stop trying

Question 13

What is self-determination theory?

Answer 13

The theory that people need to feel some degree of autonomy and internal motivation

Question 14

What is Panic button effect?

Answer 14

A reduction in stress or suffering due to a belief that one has the option of escaping or controlling the situation, even if one doesn’t exercise it

Question 15

What is a goal?

Answer 15

An idea of some desired future state

Question 16

In relation to mindsets and goals what is the function of goal setting?

Answer 16

Daeciding what to do

Question 17

In relation to mindsets and goals what is the function of Goal pursuit/ striving?

Answer 17

deciding how to do it and doing it

Question 18

In relation to mindsets and goals what is the correlation between attitude and goal setting?

Answer 18

open minded

Question 19

In relation to mindsets and goals what is the correaltion between attitude and goal pursuit?

Answer 19

Closed minded

Question 20

In relation to mindsets and goals what is the function of mental focus and goal setting?

Answer 20

fesiability and desirability

Question 21

In relation to mindsets and goals what is the function of mental focus and goal pursuits?

Answer 21

Means and obstacles

Question 22

In relation to mindsets and goals what is the What is the core question that arises with goal setting?

Answer 22

Why should i do it

Question 23

In relation to mindsets and goals what is the core question that arises with goal pursuit

Answer 23

How should i do it

Question 24

In relation to mindsets and goals what is the style of thought asswociated with goal setting

Answer 24

Realistic thinking

Question 25

In relation to mindsets and goals what is the what is the style of thought associated with goal pursuit?

Answer 25

Optimistic thining

Question 26

what is the zeigarnik effect?

Answer 26

A tendency to experience automatic, intrusive thoughts about a goal whose pursuit has been interuptted.

Question 27

People usually have a hierarchy of goals with ______ _____ goals that operate as stepping stones to _____ ___ goals

Answer 27

Short term, Long term

Question 28

What is Goal Sheilding?

Answer 28

Occurs when the activation of a focal goal the person is working on inhibits the accessibility of alternative goals.

Question 29

What is a planning fallacy?

Answer 29

The tedndency for olans to be overly optimisitc, because the planner fails to allow for unexpected probemds

Question 30

What is Self- Regulation?

Answer 30

The self capacity to al;ter it's own responses, self control

Question 31

Goals are the meaningful link between values and actions T O F?

Answer 31

T

Question 32

What is Monitoring?

Answer 32

Keeping track of behaviors of responsesto be regulated

Question 33

What does TOTE stand for?

Answer 33

The self regulation feedback loopof test, operate, test, exit

Question 34

What does capacity for change mean?

Answer 34

the active phase of self regulation, willpoer

Question 35

What is decision fatoigue?

Answer 35

S state of depleted willpower caused by making decisions which can affect subsequent decisions by causing people to fail to think and coose carefuly

Question 36

What is a Habit?

Answer 36

An aquired behavior that if if followed regularly, will become automatic

Question 37

What is self defeaitng behavior?

Answer 37

any action by which people bring failure , suffering, or misfortune on themselves.

Question 38

What is capacity for delayed gratification?

Answer 38

The ability to make immidiate sacarfices for later rewrads