Exam 3 Flashcards
(251 cards)
1
Q
What is Attraction?
A
Anything that draws two or more peoiple together
2
Q
What are some results of Attraction?
A
Social acceptance, liking, respect, approval, inclusion
3
Q
What is rejection?
A
One person pushing another away
4
Q
What are some results of rejextion
A
Exclusion, ostracism, dislike, disresopect, dissapproval
5
Q
Humans hae a natural need to _____
A
belong- humans hae an elemental need for meaningful and supportive social relationships
6
Q
What do we prioritize over comfort healt and safet/?
A
Relationships
7
Q
What factors dictate the likelihood two people will form a relatioship/
A
Ingration, and similarity
8
Q
What is ingartion?
A
Actions intended to make others like you
9
Q
What is similarity?
A
People like people who are similar to themselves in important wats
10
Q
In relationj to attraction and how do you get people to like you, what is self monitoring/
A
Ability to change one’s behavior for different situations
11
Q
What is high v low self minitoring
A
High: Maximizr each social situation
Low: Intrest in poermanent connections and feelings
12
Q
What is the Propinquity effect also known as?
A
The proximity effect
13
Q
What does the Propinquity effect state?
A
The best predictor of who you like is physical proximity to you
14
Q
What previous concept we have discussed is similar to the Propinqity effect?
A
Mere exposure effect
15
Q
What di the festinger et al study of 1950 find?
A
Married student housing complex at mit
17 2 story buildings 10 apts per building
couples qwere randomly assign ed and tracked over time
16
Q
What did the Moreland and Beach study of 1992 find?
A
Had female confederates go into a class 0 5 10 15 times a semester and had students rate the attractivness oif the student
17
Q
In relation to physical attractiveness what is the Halo Effect?
A
Attractiveness grants bonus points to other categories, intlegience and humor
18
Q
In relation to rejection what is ortacism?
A
Being excluded rejected and ignored
19
Q
In relation to the effects of rejection, what are some examples of inner reactions?
A
Pain, illness, depression, suicidal thought, eating disorders, helplessness, and promiscuity
20
Q
What is rejection sensitivity?
A
Tendency to expect rejection from others and become hypersensative to possible rejection
21
Q
In relation to the effects of rejected people they have worse intelligent thought greater hostile cognitive bias less prosiocial behavior, greater cheating and rule breaking grwater impulsiviy and higher aggression, T O F?
A
T
22
Q
What is Lonliness?
A
Painful feeling of wanting more human contact or connection than you have
doesnt refer to the amont of time spend alone
insufficient contact wt others
23
Q
In relatio to lonliness tome spentwith others does not ______ needs
A
Satisfy
24
Q
What do humans have an elemental need for?
A
Meaningful and supportive social relationships
25
Being socially isolated is worse for your health than what?
Obesity / pollution/ and smoking
26
What is social pain?
Social exclusion/ isolation activates physical pain pathways
27
In relation to social pain, hysical painkillers reduce pain of ____
rejection
28
Social pain impairs ____
health
29
In relation to social pain impairing health, it _____ stress hormones, _____ inflamation and ________ immune response
Relase, increase, amd reduces
30
According to the slide what are the sex difference in parental investment?
Women: Higher biologicval investment in offspring bc limited capacity to reproduce
men: unlimited capacity to reproduce
31
What is a major domain in evolutionary psychology?
Ev psych proposes : goal of hman behaviro is to transmit genes
32
The brain is composed of psychological mechanisms that solve ?
Adaptive challenges
33
Babies stae and miore _____ faces than unattractive faces?
attractivce
34
`Situational circumstances can change ratings of attractiveness (people see each other as more attractive after they have grown to like them, men rate their wives/girlfriends as less attractive if they have recently looked at Playboy or Penthouse models).
t o f?
t
35
What were the results of the fettignger study?
There was a strong negative correlation between physical distance between residences and amount of social interaction: more distance => less interaction.
36
The single best predictor of whther two people will get together is ?
Physical proximity
37
In relation to social pain- Several researchers have suggested that based on the importance of social connection for human survival, the ____ ____ system—which ensures social connection—may have piggybacked directly onto the physical pain system.
social attachment
38
When people experience social rejection (a form of social pain; MacDonald, 2009), they?
Comonly use words that are ientical to thoise used to describe physical pain
EX: People feel hurt crushed or pad
39
More recent evidence confirms that physical and social pain exhibit similar patterns of activation in the ?
Brain for people
40
What is close relationship just another term for?
Romantic rtelationships
41
What are exclusive dudaic relationships?
Relationships with 2 or more people
42
WHat are some examples of exclusive or dudiac relatioships?
Open, polyamor, swingers
43
Relationships may be ___ term or ___ term
long or short
44
What is equity theory?
There has to be an equal give and take between partners
cost and benefits,
contributions made by both parties
45
In equity theory what do people waeigh?
Do the costs outweigh the benefits
46
What is the investment model consist of
Ones' satisfaction, alternatives, and other incvestments determine commitment level and the future stay or leave decision
47
What did the investment model devlop out of?
kelly and thibauts interdependence theory
48
What was interdepencence theory?
how much people need a relatinship in order to acheive various dsired goals
49
What does the investment model predict?
Satisfaction commitment and relationship stability
50
In relation to investment model, what is exchange?
Calculating costs and benefits?
51
What is a simplistic view of the Invstment model?/
– if a relationship provides lots of rewards and few costs, it will be more satisfying and you will be more committed to it.
52
In relation to the investment moidel- satisfaction = commitment will make the relationship ?
Last linfer
53
In relation to The investment miodel, what term describes " are there generally more positives than negatives/?
Calculating costs and benefits
54
In relation to the investment model and comparing differences in costs and beneefits what are some exaples of this?
Do you deserve b etter was tyour last rleationship better
55
Benefits - costs- comarison levels =
Overall level of sa=atisfacvtion
56
What aree the perceptions of viable alternatives in relatio to invstment model?
Do you feel this is the only perspon who wpuld have you?
57
What is level of investment ?
Time monety children
58
Overall satisfaction = investment - alternatives=
commitment
59
Commitment is like a?
Behavioral intention to continue the relationship
60
Higher commitment=
More stable relationship
61
In relation to the evolutionary approach of attractiveness males emphasize--- and females emphasize--
maels- physical atteactiveness and youth and number of partners
female- resoources, and dependability
62
In relatio to evolutinary approach of atractivesness and close relationships what is paternity uncertanty?
idek man- slide says, women more likely to be ivested in children because of gaurnteed genetic relatyedness
63
What is Mate poaching and mate gaurding?
-
64
What is Passinate Love?
romantic love, strong feelings of longing desire and excitement toward a special person
65
What kind of love is " mutual understanding and caring to make relationship succeed?
compassionate loive
66
Love is composed of what three ingredients?
Passion intamachya nd commitment
67
What is passion/
Emtotinal state charecterized by high bodiliy arrousal
68
Wht is intamacy charecterized by?
Feeling of closeness mutual understanding and mutual concern
69
What is "conscious dececion that remains constant?
Commitment
70
What does sternbergas triangle show?
A diagram for interperting the different types of loves through the proxy of intimacy, passion and commitment
71
What doi the statistics show on frwuency of intercourse after marriage?
For most couples, sex is most frequent during the first month and first year after their wedding and declines after that. Breaks in the lines above indicate gaps in data. Source: James (1981).
72
In relation to gender and sexual desire?
More men than women report high sexual desire on almost every measure, but some differences are bigger than others.
73
People in and out of relationships envy each other t o f?
t
74
People in relatinships:?
Have more frequent sex, stronger support sstem and predictable romantic pattnerq
75
People out of relationships:
Have more secual partners
more time and energy on each sex act
have fewer demands and commitents on their resources
76
What dioes the suffocation midel of marriage state before the 1960s?
Marriage was an economic partnership
fuffiled basic needs, hifher needs met elsewhere
77
What does the suffocation model of marriage in modern day state?
Marriage satisfaction in decline,
arriage has to fufil all needs
78
What does attachment theory state about infant attachement?
Crries survival benefirs
develops as mother respons to infants needs and provides a dependable bade from which the inant can explore and retreat from threat
79
What does secure attachment mean in the stranger situation?
Distress at mothers departure and happy enthusiasm at return
80
What are insecure attachments in relaton the stranger situation?
ANXIOUSNESS AND AVOIDANT
81
What is anxious?
Usually upset at departure, approach rejction and angr
82
What is avoidant
calm at departure avoidance and rejection at return
83
What does the parenting style predict?
Attachment styles
84
In relation to atachment styles what are the styles?
Constantly supportive, cold distant, and inconsisyent
85
In relation to parenting styles what percentage of the childs attachmen t is associated with
conssitently supportive
cold distant
and inconsistent
consistent- secure 65%
cold distaqnt- avoiant 25%
inconsistent - anxious 10%
86
What are charecteristics of secure people
More happy; friendly; trusting; longer lasting
| Mental model of love: It’s real and it stays
87
What are charecteristics of avoidant people
Less accepting of lovers’ imperfections
| Mental model of love: Cynical, romantic love doesn’t last
88
What are thye charecteristics of ambiivlent people?
Obsessive; preoccupied; extremes of emotions, sexual attraction, and jealousy; love at first sight
Mental model of love: Falling in love is easy, but doesn’t last
89
What is stabiity?
Moderately stable across time.
Prototype for close relationships arises in infancy and persists in the face of new experience.
Those who are insecure may have periods of felt security.
90
What is specificity?
People demonstrate different patterns for relationships in different contexts (close friends, groups).
91
Three attachment styles: anxious/ ambivalent (A), secure (B), and avoidant (C) from a one-item measure. Source: Hazan and Shaver (1987?
y
92
Whatr are implicit theoriues of relatinshipS?
Destinity v growth beliefs
93
represent a resiliency factor in relationships in terms of commitment / conflict.
?
growth beliefs
94
What did destinty belefs grow out of?
Intelligence and achievement literature
95
What are the four phases of the braeak u[p?
1- intrapersonal- somethings wrong with relationship
2- dyadic- discuss problem with partner
3- social- announce break up
4- intra[erspna; - recpvery
96
In relation to breakup pitcomes, breakees lonliness depression and physical are less because they feel
broke it up
97
The breakees report more?
lonliness depression and physical disorder
98
Break ups can acgtivate senory components of pain?
t o f -- t
99
Whatr are implicit theoriues of relatinshipS?
Destinity v growth beliefs
100
represent a resiliency factor in relationships in terms of commitment / conflict.
?
growth beliefs
101
What did destinty belefs grow out of?
Intelligence and achievement literature
102
What are the four phases of the braeak u[p?
1- intrapersonal- somethings wrong with relationship
2- dyadic- discuss problem with partner
3- social- announce break up
4- intra[erspna; - recpvery
103
In relation to breakup pitcomes, breakees lonliness depression and physical are less because they feel
broke it up
104
The breakees report more?
lonliness depression and physical disorder
105
Break ups can acgtivate senory components of pain?
t o f -- t`
106
What is A Group?
A collection of at least two people who are doing or being something togetherr
107
Groups usually have common?
Goals and loyalties
108
What are Roles?
Set of expected behaviors that certain individuals perform based on position in group
109
What are formal roles?
Treasure politician lawyer
110
What are informal roles?
The leader the follwer the funy one
111
What are norms?
Rules of behavior for a grouo; prevailing beliefs, values, attitudes
112
A large part of social behavior concerns figuring out the group?
Norms
113
What are formal norms?
Laws
114
What are informal norms?
Traditions
115
What does the Minimal Group Paradigm state?
It's really easy to make people feel like they are apart of a group
116
What is Deindividuation?
Refers to peoples tendency to lose their awarness and restraint when in groups
117
The nature of deindividuation beahvior depends on the people you are with or the ___ you are in
Group
118
Does deindividuation always make you do bad things?
No
119
What is Social Facilitation?
Does the presence of others facilitate performance
120
In relation to social facilitation is it true that sometimes the presence of others can decrease your ovwerall performance?
Yes
121
Soicial facilitation also posits that the presences of others creatre ___
Arousal
122
Why does the presence of others create arousal?
Evaluation Apprehension
123
Being in the presence of others effects performance in a 3 stage process, what is stage 1
Having other people around creates a psychological arousal
124
Being in the presence of others effects performance in a 3 stage process, what is stage 2
Arsoual enhances the tendency to perform the dominant response
125
THE BOOK GIVES 3 REASONS WHY OTHERS CAUSE AROUSAL.what are they
They make us stay alert
they may be evaluating us
They are distracting
126
In relation to micheals et al pool player study below average pool player made more shots when they were ________ than when they were ______
Unobserved, observed
127
In relation to micheals et al pool player study Aboveaverage pool player made more shots when they were ________ than when they were ______
Observed, unobserved
128
What is Social Loafing?
Reducing individual contribution to group
other pick up slack
129
Social Loafing is the presense of others with the absence of ____
Arousal
130
Situations in which being in a group makes you relax as you perform: you can fade into the crowd. decreases dominant response this is?
Social Loafing
131
What did the Cheering study find?
The bigger the group, the less loudly people cheer and clap.
Even occurred for cheerleader subjects!
Group projects where professor never knows who did what – one group grade.
Singing happy birthday in a crowd.
132
What is Groupthink?
People adopt attitudes. beliefs of the group
133
What problems does group think lead to?
groups are not always as wise as individuals that comprise them
134
Being a member of a group can affect not only behavior, but also thought-processes and judgments, often in bad ways.
t o f?
t
135
What are charecteristics of groups that lead to ppoor decsion making?
Satificing and poor communication
136
What is satificing?
Satisficing occurs in consensus building when the group looks towards a solution everyone can agree on, even if it may not be the best.
137
What are some risk factors of groups?
High cohesiveness, group isolation
directive leader
high stress
highly similar members
138
What are symptoms of groups?
Illusion og invunerability
illusion of unanimity
self censorship
pressure on disenter to conform
139
What are consequences of groups?
Poor information search.
Failure to examine risks of chosen alternatives.
Failure to develop contingency plans.
Bad decisions much more likely.
140
What is Group Polarizatin?
The tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclinations of its members.
141
Why does group polarization happen?
Persuasive argument interpertation
social comparison interpertation
142
Whast is persusaive argument interpertation?
: Everyone has arguments supporting their initial recommendation, some of which others haven’t considered.
143
What is social comaprison interpertation?
When you discuss an issue in a group, the first thing you do is check out what everyone else feels.
144
What are some solutions to group polarixzation?
```
Avoid overly directive leader.
Encourage/force discrepant opinions.
Diversity.
Seek anonymous opinions.
Subgroups.
```
145
In relation to the ABC'S OF Prejudice and stereotyping what is A?
Affective component- prejudice
Negative feeling towards an individual due to their group memebership
akin to attitudes
146
In relation to the ABC'S OF Prejudice and stereotyping what is B?
Behavioral component discrimination
Hostile Behavior directed against persons because of their membership in a particular group
147
In relation to the ABC'S OF Prejudice and stereotyping what is C?
Cognitive compionent- stereotypes
A belief that associates a group of people with certain traits
- cognitive framework that we use to organize our beliefs about specific groups of people
148
What is Categorization?
We innately classify people into groups.
149
IN relation to categorization we ten to focus on _____ and ifgnore___
Similarities, difference
150
What are perceived similarities?
Stereotypes
151
By sorting people into grops based on common atributes loke age race or sex we can more easily think about our?
Social environemnr
152
Is categorization a natural and adaptive process?
Most of the time because it allows us to form impressions quickly and use past experiences to guide new interactions
153
Automatically classifying people into groups can lead us to ____individual differences when trying to figure out what a person is like.
ignore
154
Based on our experiences with people who are members of certain groups, we quickly generalize that experience to other members of that same group, even if we don’t know anything about them.
and with that a _____ arises
stereotype
155
To save us time and cognitive effort we often ____ the distictions ____ groups and _____ the differences ____
Sharpen between, soften within
156
What is ingroup bias?
We tend to like members of ingroups better than members of outgroups, even if we don’t know anything about the other members of our ingroups except they are in the same group as we are.
157
What is Outgroup Homogenity effect?
is the tendency to assume there is greater similarity among members of outgroups than members of ingroups.
158
What does Social identity theory posit?
Group membership has implications for our self-esteem; We want to be members of the best group.
Think of your personal identity and you personal achievements and add in favoritism for in group and contempt for outgroup and that builds our self esteem
159
You can increase SE by
by associating yourself with group achievements (BIRGing) or enhancing your own group; or by derogating outgroups (downward social comparison for groups).
160
Fein & Spencer (1997) found that when people had been threatened by receiving failure feedback, they were more likely to
Stereotyoe
161
OHE Gives us the oppurtunoity to learn about ?
Individual differences within our own group
162
In relation to OHE it is easier to recall?
Specific individuals when thinking about our own group
163
What are two reasons for OHE?
Oppurtunities for learnign and Memory and retrival process
164
What is Oppurtunity for learning
You have little personal contact with outgroup members, and when you do interact it is superficial and situationally-limited.
165
What is Memory and retrival process
- When you think about ingroup members, you can think about specific individuals, but when you think about outgroup members, you might not be able to think of any specific person.
Therefore, you end up thinking about the group as a whole in an abstract way.
166
What is Interpertation of behavior?
When a behavior or a word is ambiguous, it can be interpreted in stereotype-consistent ways to reduce the ambiguity.
167
What was the overall finding by Sagar and schofield?
Both black and white children rated the black kid behavior as meaner
Study where shove by White person is seen as playful, but shove by Black person is seen as hostile. Replicated with kids (6th graders) (Sagar & Schofield, 1980) – ambiguous bumps into another person were seen as more mean and threatening if the bump was by an African American than if it was by a Caucasian, by both Black and White boys.
168
What did the Payne dtudy find?
Black and White faces flashed subconsciously
Participants asked to quickly identify objects as household tools or guns
People tend to make stereotype-consistent errors:
Black face – gun
White face – tool
Find effect regardless of prejudice level.
169
Perceptions are biased in a ?
Sterotyped consistent manner
170
What are the implications for sterotyped consistent behavior?
Participants mistakenly shoot unarmed African-American targets more than unarmed White targets.
171
In relation to the ultimate attribution error and out groups Negative behaviors are ___ and Positive behaviors are ___
and for in groups?
dispositional, situatiponal
situational , dispositiona;
172
WHat doies ultimate attribution error posit?
Stereotypoes influence how we explain other groups behavior
173
What does Lingistic intergroup bias show?
Stereotypes affect the way you describe behaviors.
If I show you a picture of a white guy pushing another guy and ask you to describe the picture, you’ll say, “The white guy pushed the other guy.”
If I show you a picture of a black guy pushing another guy, you’ll say “The black guy is violent.”
174
In relationto lingustic intergroup bias, Maass et al. (1989) found that language use supports this: a behavior (hitting someone with a fist) was described abstractly (as “aggressive”) when done by an out-group member but concretely (“punching”) when done by an in-group member.
t
175
Abstract language sugests a more/?
personality based attribution where as concrete suggests situational
176
What is subtyping?
View Stereotype-inconsistent members of stereotyped groups as “exceptions to the rule”, so no revision of stereotype is necessary.
177
Subtyping prevents?
Prevents your stereotype/schema from being disconfirmed.
178
What is realistic conflict theory
We are at competition for limited resources, competition can be real or imaged
179
Realistic coinflict theory can predict why therre is more prejudice attitude during economic and political turmoil
t
180
What are self fufiling prophecies?
People are unaware of the effects they are having on the behavior of other people (the 4th step of the self-fulfilling prophecy cycle), so we assume that their behavior is being caused by their personality.
181
In word, zanna and coopers study what did they find?
Participants acted as interviewers of job candidates who were Black or White.
Found that interviewers sat farther from Black interviewees, stammered more, had shorter conversations.
Ended up rating the Black interviewees more poorly.
182
What is the sterotypes threat?
Fear of confriming negative steriotyper
183
What did steele and arrasons study find?
Gave Black and White college students items from the SAT test.
Half were told the test measured general intelligence.
Half were told it did not
stereotyoe relevant situation caused poor performance cause of nervous ness
184
Solutions to prejudice?
Contact
Covert expressions of prejudice can be reduced by intergroup contact
Superordinate goals
Cooperating to achieve common goals is one powerful antidote to intergroup conflict
Jigsaw classroom: cooperative learning technique for reducing feelings of prejudice by having students interact and cooperate to learn material
185
What are incentive structures?
The pressure to publish to get positions, funding and data
186
What are the three categories of scientific misconduct?
Fabrication, falsifgication, questionabe research practices
187
What is scientific replication?
scientific misconduct is shown because scientific studies cannot be reproduced
188
What is fabrication??
Making data up
189
What is falsigication?
Distorting data
190
What are questionable research practices?
cooking data, mining data, concealing conflicts of interest
191
Decisions in design, analysis, and reporting that increase the likelihood of achieving a positive result
define what term?
QRP'S
192
What are some examples of qrps
Lots of tiny samples (N = 20)
Measuring DV in multiple ways and then picking the one that works best
Peeking at data after you run a few participants
Dropping experimental manipulations that didn’t “work”
If you do this enough you can prove anything!
193
Failed” studies don’t get published and are filed away from the public and scientific communities
defines what term?
File drawer problem
194
How replicable are scientific experiements roughly?
about 36% replicatyed
195
What are some solutions for researchers?
Increase disclosure in..?
____ ____ hypothesis and methods
share...?
Publisize ___
run studies with ?
methods results and huypothesis
pre register
data and materials with other researcher
findings regardless of resut
larger and more diverse sample
196
Be an informed consumer of science
Don’t believe everything you read!
If an effect seems unbelievable, it just might be.
Pay attention to sample size
How big is the sample?
Effects are unreliable if sample size is too low, a 2,000 person study more reliable than a 50 person study relates to?
Is the study you are reading the only demonstration of this effect?
Have people from other labs replicated this?
Did the authors make their data available?
Advocate for good research so we can understand more about humans and why they do the things they do
howTo be an informed consumer of science
197
What two vcu projects examine replicability issue from differen angles?
Many labs
qrp dissertation to pub study
198
What is many labs?
Largwe scale direct replication study of 10 published psychological findings
199
What is QR[P Dissertation ti pub study
Meta analusis of hypothesis dropping changing when publishing disserttion studies
200
What is Many Labs 3?
ML3 is a part of a series of multi lab direct replication efforts
201
what does direct replication help identitfy? 2 things
Accurate conditions under which certain psychological effects happen (e.g., culture, personality, environment)
True effect sizes (how strongly does X affect Y under certain conditions?)
202
How many well cited research findings did Many Labs 3 review?
10
203
How many iniversityies participated in ML3?
21
204
How many stufdies replicated fully according to ML3?
5 out of 10
205
Findings in many labs 3 suggest what?
Many findings should be taken with caution
206
In relation to ml3 findings they also found there was no moderation around?
Semestyer time
207
QRP'S ARE?
Questionable rrsearch practices
208
What are two examples of qrps
fole drawer problem and harking
209
Wha is harking
Hypothesiszing after results are known / removing unsupported hypothesis
210
What does harking do?
Allows you to present the findings as if you predicted them from the start
211
Why do scientist engage in qrp?
Institutional pressure
212
Why is it difficult to observe harking and file drawer problem?
Becasuse the only focus is on publishe studies
213
What is one way to address these problems?
pre registration of hypthesis before collecting data
214
In relation to "Our dissertation to pub meta analysis" HOw many
1. Dissertations did they analyze
2. what were their two hypothesis?
1. 98
2. dissertations hypthesis that support results likely to be kept
and dissertation hypothesis that do not support results likely to be drippe
215
In relation to "Our dissertation to pub meta analysis" What were the findings in relartion to the hypothesis?
hypothesis that were supported 1.5 times more likely to be ketpt
unspuportted 7.5 times more likely to be altered or reversed
216
Part of ther reproducibility crisis is likely due to the supprerssion of?
Null results in scientific literature
217
What was ms thomas's main research question?
Ethnic racial identity, social transactions in the classroom, and academic outcomes
218
In relation to ms thomas's study what is the problem?
There is a persistet achievement gap
219
In relation to ms thomas;s presentation, she found that literature was inconclusive on whether?
Ethynic racial identity had a postive, negative or no effect on acedimic outcoes
220
When does development of ethnic racial identity begin?
Middle school
221
What is centraility in relation to ms thomas's study
Race is an important aspect of a persons identity
222
What is Public regard in relation to ms thomas's study?
Person feels others feel positively toward their group
223
What is provate regard in relation to ethnic racial identity?
Person feels positive toward others in thei ethnic group and feels positivity to being apart of that group
224
T o f, Observed differential treatment is related to lower performance?
t - deals with teachers
225
In relation to teachers and students percieved ___ was negatively related to students graces
discrimination
226
Postitive peer support is positively related to?
Ethnic identity
227
Sane ethnic relationships are uniquely related to high?
Centraility
228
In relation to ms thomas's 1st research question "Do different components of ethnic-racial identity influence engagement and grades?" what ios her hypthesis?
Public regard and centrality will positively predict enagement and grades
229
In relation to ms thomas 2nd research question "Do classroom relationships mediate associations between ethnic-racial identity and grades; additionally are there gender differences?
" what are her 2 hyothesis?
For gir;s, pathway from ethic racial identity to academic outcomes is though friendships
for boys, relationship with teacher
230
In relation to ms thomas's study sample how many students and teachers did she interview
101 students
5 teachers
large caucasian sample
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What did ms thomas use to measure ethnic identity?
Multidimmensional inventory of black identity teen assesment
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What did ms thomas use to measure friendship quality?
Friendship quality questionaire
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What did ms thomas use to measure teacher student relationship
Teacher student relationship scale
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What did ms thomas use to measure academic outcomes?
Academic engagement
math and language arts grades were provded by school administrator
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In relation to ms thomas's results what did she find in the cognitive engagement arena for her first research question, "Do different components of ethnic-racial identity influence academic outcomes"
Public regard positively predicted cognitive engagement
and public regard +centrality predicted positive engagement
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in relation to cognitive enagement and ms thomas's 1st research uestion "Do different components of ethnic-racial identity influence academic outcomes" variuance in the model accounted for?
21%
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In relation to behavioral engagement and ms thomas's 1st research uestion "Do different components of ethnic-racial identity influence academic outcomes" what dod she find?
Public regard positively predicted behavioral engagement
Centrality negatively predicted behavioral engagement
Public Regard x Gender and
Centrality x Gender predicted behavioral engagement
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What were some limitations of ms thoma's study?
Teachers perceptions of student-teacher relationship
Path models constrained by sample size
Findings cannot be broadly generalized
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What are future directions for ms thoma's study?
Student perception of relationship quality and discrimination
Further analyses of underlying factors related to boys’ centrality and behavioral engagement
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In relation to ms martelli's study what is mindfulness
Paying attention in a particular way on purpose in the moment and non judgementally
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What is interpersonal emotion regulation
Relying on others to meet eotional needs
reasurance seeking
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What is reassuance seeking?
Maladaptive form of always needing reassurance from a partner
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What does ms martelli's present study focus on?
whether mindfulness would predict indices of IER between romantic partners.
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What was ms martelli's hypothesis?
We expected that mindfulness would promote more adaptive use of IER.
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Who were the participants is ms martelli's study?
67 adult romantic couples completed dispositional mindfulness, dependence on one’s romantic partner for emotional support, and reassurane seeking
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What was ms martelli's prediction about reassurance seeking?
): Dispositional mindfulness would predict less tendency to engage in reassurance seeking.
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What was ms martelli's prediction about depndence on emotional support?
Mindfulness would predict more dependence on emotional support from their partner.
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What did ms martelli use to measure her study?
mindful attention awareness scale
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What is the reasurance seeking measure ms martelli used?
4-item scale assessing frequency of reassurance seeking rated on a 7-point Likert scale from “no, not at all” to “yes, very much”
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What is the emotional support measure ms martelli used ?
3-item subscale assessing dependence of romantic partner for emotional support rated on a 5-point Likert scale from “little or none” to “the most”
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Results suggest that more mindful individuals rely less on highly other-dependent forms of IER to regulate their own emotions, and at the same time, are depended on more to help regulate the emotions of romantic partners.
t o f?
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