Chap 5

Question 1

Erythropoiesis

Answer 1

Regulated process for maintaining adequate #s of erythrocytes in the PB.

Question 2

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 2

The growth factor that stimulates RBC production. Glycoprotein that is lineage specific.

Question 3

Where is EPO made? (Per the book 2 locations).

Answer 3

Produced in the renal peritubular interstitial cells (Kidneys) and a small amount in the liver.

Question 4

What is the cause of increased renal release of EPO?

Answer 4

Hypoxia

Question 5

Actions of EPO?

Answer 5

• Consistent Release to maintain daily
  RBC counts.
• Stims Eryth-sensitive committed SCs
  (CFU-E) to differentiate into RBC
  precursors.
• Shorten RBC maturation time.
• Cause early release of BM Retics into
  PB.

Question 6

Normoblastic nomenclature Erythrocyte Maturation Sequence is? (From progenitor-Eryth, 9 stages).

Answer 6

1. Pluripotential Progenitor Cell (PSCs)
2. Myeloid Stem Cell (MSCs) W/ EPO
3. Burst-forming Unit-Erythroid (BFU-E) or Colony-forming Unit- Erythroid
   (CFU-E), or Colony-forming Unit- Granulocyte, Erythrocyte, Monocyte, Megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM).
4. Pronormoblast
5. Basophilic Normoblast
6. Polychromatic (Polychromatophilic) Normoblast
7. Orthochromic Normoblast
8. Polychromatic (Polychromatophilic)
   Erythrocyte (Retics W/ vital stains)
9. Erythrocyte

Question 7

Rubriblastic nomenclature Erythrocyte Maturation Sequence? (From progenitor-Eryth, 9 stages).

Answer 7

1. Pluripotential Progenitor Cell (PSCs)
2. Myeloid Stem Cell (MSCs) W/ EPO
3. Burst-forming Unit-Erythroid (BFU-E) or Colony-forming Unit- Erythroid
   (CFU-E), or Colony-forming Unit- Granulocyte, Erythrocyte, Monocyte, Megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM).
4. Rubriblast
5. Prorubricyte
6. Rubricyte
7. Metarubricyte
8. Polychromatic (Polychromatophilic) Erythrocyte (Retics W/ vital stains)
9. Erythrocyte

Question 8

What is the lifespan for RBCs?

Answer 8

120 days

Question 9

What provides Iron and GFs to developing RBCs?

Answer 9

Macrophages called Nurse Cells

Question 10

What stages do RBCs surround Nurse cells?

Answer 10

All stages of maturity

Question 11

Under normal conditions, how much of RBCs in the blood are newly released retics?

Answer 11

1%

Question 12

(T or F): The erythrocyte precursors are morphologically identifiable?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Rubriblast (Pronormoblast) Size?

Answer 13

14-20um

Question 14

What does the Rubriblast plasm appear like?

Answer 14

Deeply Blue (Basophilic).
Scant amount, may have perinuclear halo.
No granules.

Question 15

Nucleus of the Rubriblast?

Answer 15

Large and Round
Reddish Purple W/ fine chromatin
1-2 Nucleoli (may be bluish).

Question 16

What is the NC ratio of the rubriblast?

Answer 16

8:1

Question 17

What is the size of the prorubricyte (Basophilic Normoblast)?

Answer 17

10-16um

Question 18

What does the Prorubricyte plasm look like?

Answer 18

Deeply basophilic indicating RNA activity, needed to produce Hgb.
No granules.

Question 19

Nucleus of a Prorubricyte?

Answer 19

Round and Large
Chromatin more clumped
0-1 Nucleoli

Question 20

NC Ratio of a Prorubricyte?

Answer 20

6:1

Question 21

Rubricyte (Polychromatic Normoblast Size?

Answer 21

10-12um

Question 22

Plasm of a Rubricyte?

Answer 22

Blue-Gray to Pink-Gray ( pink indicates Hgb production).
Slightly increased amount.

Question 23

Nucleus of a Rubricyte?

Answer 23

Round and Smaller
Chromatin more clumped, irregular.
No nucleoli

Question 24

NC Ratio of a Rubricyte?

Answer 24

4:1

Question 25

Metarubricyte (NRBC or Orthochromic Normoblast) size?

Answer 25

8-10um

Question 26

Plasm of a Metarubricyte?

Answer 26

Pinker indicating larger amounts of Hgb production. Increased amount.

Question 27

Nucleus of a Metarubricyte?

Answer 27

Tightly condensed chromatin(Pyknotic). No nucleoli. No more mitosis (DNA Synth). Nucleus Extrudes @ end of stage.

Question 28

NC Ratio of metarubricyte?

Answer 28

1:1

Question 29

Reticulocyte (Diffusely basophilic or Polychromatophilic Erythrocyte or Retic) size?

Answer 29

8-10um

Question 30

Plasm of a Retic?

Answer 30

Diffusely Basophilic (Due to residual RNA). Stain w/ new methylene blue (NMB). Hemoglobinization not complete.

Question 31

Presence of Nucleus in retics?

Answer 31

No

Question 32

Retics presence in circulation is how long?

Answer 32

1-2 days

Question 33

What supravital stain is used to ID retics?

Answer 33

New Methylene Blue (NMB)

Question 34

Mature Erythrocyte size?

Answer 34

7-8um

Question 35

Volume of mature Erthrocyte?

Answer 35

80-100fL

Question 36

Plasm of an erythrocyte?

Answer 36

Pink-Red Biconcave shape

Question 37

Presence of a nucleus in a mature erythrocyte?

Answer 37

No

Question 38

Mature erythrocyte's primary functions are?

Answer 38

Oxygen transport and CO2 removal.

Question 39

The RBC's membrane is made of what?

Answer 39

A protein shell of predominantly Spectrin(Skeletal Protein), that is heavily coated W/ lipids.

Question 40

When it comes to RBCs, what are the spleen's functions in relation to deformities?

Answer 40

Pitting Culling Grooming

Question 41

Pitting

Answer 41

A splenic function where the removal of RBC inclusions occurs.

Question 42

Culling

Answer 42

The spleen trapping rigid RBCs.

Question 43

Grooming

Answer 43

The spleen removing excess lipids from retics.