Chap 4

Question 1

Differentiation

Answer 1

The process that shapes a immature cell’s destiny.

Question 2

Commitment

Answer 2

When an HSC commits to a cell lineage.

Question 3

Maturation

Answer 3

The cell’s process of growing.

Question 4

Hematopoiesis

Answer 4

process of Blood cell production, development, and replacement, that usually occurs in the BM.

Question 5

What is the purpose of Hematopoiesis?

Answer 5

Allows system to respond to stimuli like infection, bleeding, or hypoxia, by increasing production of the needed cell line.

Question 6

HSCs can differentiate into what?

Answer 6

Lymphoid or Myeloid Lineages

Question 7

HSCs are directed to 1 of 3 possible fates?

Answer 7

Self-Renewal
Differentiation
Apoptosis

Question 8

The process of replacing active marrow by adipocytes (yellow marrow cells) during development is called?

Answer 8

Retrogression

Question 9

Adipocytes

Answer 9

Large cells W/ a single fat vacuole and play a role in regulating the volume of marrow in which active hematopoiesis occurs.

Question 10

What secretes cytokines or GFs that positively stimulate HSC #s and bone homeostasis?

Answer 10

Adipocytes

Question 11

Medullary sites?

Answer 11

Origin of blood cells and sequential sites of normal blood production w/n BM.

Question 12

Extramedullary Sites?

Answer 12

Blood cell production in Hematopoietic tissue other than BM (Liver, Spleen), and provide compensatory mechanism to blood cells in time of need.

Question 13

Primary production sites of a fetus?

Answer 13

Yolk Sac
Liver and Spleen
BM (All Bones)

Question 14

Primary production sites of an adult?

Answer 14

*Child up to Teens- All bones
*18+ - Flat Bones (Sternum, Ribs, Pelvis, Vertebra, Skull)
*Adults- BM

Question 15

Hematopoiesis stages in life

Answer 15

Yolk Sac(19days-2.5 fetal months)
Spleen & Liver(2.5-6 fetal months)
BM(Around 5th fetal month)
Spleen & Liver(stop @ birth)
All bones (until teen years)
Flat bones (20-50)(TIbia, Femur, Lymph Nodes, Rib, Sternum, Vertebra)
Just BM(Adults)

Question 16

1st stage of Hematopoiesis?

Answer 16

Mesoblastic

Question 17

Mesoblastic begins in the mesoderm of?

Answer 17

Yolk Sac and forms Erythroid cells

Question 18

How long does production take place in the yolk sac?

Answer 18

19 days to 2.5 fetal months

Question 19

Angioblasts

Answer 19

Cells that surround the cavity of the yolk sac and eventually form blood vessels.

Question 20

Fetal Hemoglobins found in these embryonic cells?

Answer 20

Gower-1
Gower-2
Portland

Question 21

The second phase of hematopoiesis in a fetus?

Answer 21

Hepatic Phase

Question 22

When does the hepatic phase begin?

Answer 22

5-7 gestational weeks

Question 23

How is the hepatic phase characterized?

Answer 23

Recognizable clusters of Eryths, Grans, and Monos

Question 24

Major site of hematopoiesis in the 2nd phase?

Answer 24

Liver

Question 25

When does the liver take responsibility for hematopoiesis?

Answer 25

2nd fetal month

Question 26

When does the hepatic phase start and stop?

Answer 26

3-6months

Question 27

Where else does hematopoiesis take place during the Hepatic phase?

Answer 27

Spleen, Kidneys, Thymus, Lymph Nodes

Question 28

Hematopoietic Precursor Cells (HPCs)

Answer 28

Stem Cells(SCs)/pluripotential(PP) Lymph/Myelo Progenitor Cells (MPCs, LPCs). Maturing Cells (MCs)

Question 29

T or F: SCs are morph recognizable

Answer 29

False

Question 30

How much of the total hemopoietic precursors are SCs?

Answer 30

0.5%

Question 31

SCs are capable of _________differentiation W/ a stable population size? A.Multilineage B. Single Lineage C. No Lineage D. Alternating Lineage

Answer 31

Multilineage

Question 32

Lymphoid/Myeloid progenitor cells (LMPCs) make up how much of the precursors?

Answer 32

3%

Question 33

The population of Lymph/Myelo precursors are amplified by?

Answer 33

Proliferation

Question 34

The LMPCs are not _______but are multipotential. A. Recognizable B. Unrecognizable C. Normal D. PP Cells

Answer 34

Recognizable

Question 35

Maturing Cells make up how much of the total precursors?

Answer 35

>95%

Question 36

Like the LMPCs, maturing cells population is amplified by?

Answer 36

Proliferation

Question 37

Maturing cells are morph recognizable and are _____cells? A. Non-Committed B. Unresponsive C. Agressive D. Committed

Answer 37

Committed

Question 38

Cytokines

Answer 38

GFs secreted by cells for the purpose of cell-cell comms.

Question 39

GFs stimulate PP SCs to?

Answer 39

Proliferate and Differentiate

Question 40

GFs promote cell survival by surpressing which mechanism?

Answer 40

Apoptosis "Cell Death"

Question 41

3 examples of Cytokines?

Answer 41

CSFs Interleukins Lymphokines

Question 42

CSFs

Answer 42

Colony stimulating factors. Regulate blood cell development.

Question 43

G-CSF

Answer 43

Stimulates Granulocyte(Gran or Grans) production

Question 44

G-CSF can be used to treat cancer and AIDS PTs W/ low WBCs, what is the name of the medicine?

Answer 44

Neupogen

Question 45

GM-CSF

Answer 45

Stims Gran/Macro production

Question 46

GM-CSF can treat?

Answer 46

PTs w/ cancer and low WBCs, named Leukine.

Question 47

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 47

Stims Eryths prod.

Question 48

EPO can be used to treat PTs w/?

Answer 48

Chronic Anemia due to renal failure, or increase RBCs prior to surgery. Professional athletes can't use; med name is Epogen or Procrit

Question 49

Grans and PLTs exist in 2 pools?

Answer 49

Circulating and Marginal

Question 50

Circulating Cells are?

Answer 50

Mature and incapable of mitosis, except lymphs. Functional w/n circulation

Question 51

Where are the circulating cells in-transit to?

Answer 51

To the tissues

Question 52

What do Marginal Pool Cells do?

Answer 52

Adhere to the walls of blood vessels and are ready for diapedese.

Question 53

How are grans split in there pools?

Answer 53

50% in circulation and 50% are marginating

Question 54

How are PLT cell line pools split?

Answer 54

70% of PLTs in circulation and 30% are stored in the Spleen.

Question 55

What 1 cell lineage is always in circulation in the PB and in a functional stat in the BM pool?

Answer 55

Erythrocytes

Question 56

Name 2 bone derived cells found in the BM?

Answer 56

Osteoblasts Osteoclasts

Question 57

Osteoblasts are responsible for?

Answer 57

The formation, calcification, and maintenance of the bone structure.

Question 58

Osteoblasts are large irregularly shaped cells in the BM that can be confused with?

Answer 58

Plasmacytes or malignant cells.

Question 59

Osteoclasts are responsible for?

Answer 59

Absorption of bone and assists in the degradation of bone.

Question 60

Osteoclasts are giant multinucleated, irregularly shaped phagocytic cells in the BM that are confused with?

Answer 60

Megakaryocytes.