CHAP 5 (classical, operant, observational) Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is classical conditioning?
simple form of learning that occurs through repeated associations between two stimuli to produce a conditioned response
What are the 3 stages of classical conditioning?
define them
before conditioning - no learning occurred
during conditioning - learning occurs through association
after conditioning - final stage
What stimuli/response are involved in the before conditioning phase?
(3 points)
Unconditioned stimulus (consistently
produces a naturally occurring, automatic response)
Unconditioned response (occurs
involuntarily when UCS is presented)
Neutral stimulus (stimulus (prior to
conditioning) that doesn’t produce a response)
What is acquisition?
Which stage of classical conditioning does it occur in?
process during which organism learns to associate two events (neutral stimulus presented before UCS)
during conditioning
What stimuli are involved in the after conditioning phase?
(2 points)
Conditioned stimulus (previously neutral stimulus now produces conditioned response, result of acquisition)
Conditioned response (learned behaviour triggered by conditioned stimulus as result of conditioning)
What is operant conditioning?
learning process in which likelihood of voluntary behaviour occurring is determined by its consequences
What are the three stages of operant conditioning?
define them
Antecedent - environmental stimulus that triggers an action
Behaviour - any observable action by an organism
Consequence - something that makes behaviour more/less likely to occur again
CONSEQUENCES:
What is positive reinforcement?
What is negative reinforcement?
when behaviour is followed by adding desirable stimulus, increasing likelihood of behaviour occurring again
when behaviour is followed by removal of undesirable stimulus, increasing likelihood of behaviour occurring again
CONSEQUENCES:
What is positive punishment?
What is negative punishment?
when behaviour is followed by adding undesirable stimulus, decreasing likelihood of behaviour occurring again
when behaviour is followed by removal of desirable stimulus, decreasing likelihood of behaviour occurring again
What is observational learning?
social learning that occurs when learner observes a model’s actions and their consequences to guide their future actions
What are the 5 stages of observational learning?
attention
retention
reproduction
motivation
reinforcement
What is attention?
first stage, learner actively watches the model’s behaviour and the consequences
What is retention?
second stage, learner retains a mental representation of the model’s behaviour
What is reproduction?
third stage, learner’s physical and mental capabilities enable them to perform model’s behaviour
What is motivation?
learner’s desire to perform the model’s behaviour
What is reinforcement?
last stage, receiving reward/desirable factor that increases likelihood that learner will reproduce behaviour in future
5 Indigenous learning frameworks
narrative
yarn
learning map
kinaesthetic
place-based learning
What is a narrative?
What is place-based learning?
story which in a cultural context may be delivered in variety of ways (performance, song, dance)
learning drawn from landscape with profound connections to ancestral and personal relationships with place
What is yarning?
What is a learning map?
What is kinaesthetic?
continually sharing stories
images/visuals used to map out processes for learners
to do with body movement/sensation
