CHAP 6 (AS model, brain regions, episodic+semantic, mnemonics) Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is encoding?
FIRST stage
converting sensory information into a useable from that can be processed by the brain
What is storage?
SECOND stage
retaining information over time
What is retrieval?
THIRD stage
accessing information that has previously been stored
What is sensory memory?
2 points
memory store that receives+stores unlimited amount of incoming sensory information for brief time
filters out unnecessary info+ stores info long enough so we perceive world as continuous
What is short-term memory?
2 points
memory store that has limited capacity of short duration, unless info is renewed
Actively manipulates encoded information, so it remains in conscious awareness
What is long-term memory?
2 points
memory that is relatively permanent and holds huge amounts of information for a long time
Stores info that has been semantically encoded for future use
What is decay?
(STM)
fading away of info in short-term memory when not maintained by rehearsal
What can prevent decay?
define it
Rehearsal
conscious manipulation of info to keep it in STM for longer or to transfer it to LTM
How is sensory info transferred to LTM?
3 points
sensory info in sensory memory is attended to and transferred to STM
info is encoded into LTM through rehearsal, stored for relatively permanent period of time
info from LTM is retrieved into STM (LTM info can also be retrieved to compare with STM info)
What are the 2 types of LTM?
explicit/declarative memory
implicit memory
What is explicit memory?
What are two types of explicit memory? (define them)
info that can be consciously retrieved and stated, such as ‘known facts’
semantic memory - memory of facts or knowledge about the world
episodic memory - memory of personally experienced events
What is implicit memory?
memory not requiring conscious retrieval, such as ‘how to’ skills
How is the hippocampus involved in memory?
Where is it?
involved in formation of long-term explicit memories+their transfer to the cerebral cortex for storage
structure in the temporal midbrain
How is the amygdala involved in memory?
Where is it?
involved in emotional reactions and formation of emotional memories particularly relating to fear
structure located deep in the temporal midbrain
How is the neocortex involved in memory?
Where is it?
involved in high-order mental processes (language, attention, memory)
top layer of the cerebral cortex
How is the basil ganglia involved in memory?
Where is it?
involved in motor movement, procedural memory and learning
group of structures deep within the cerebral hemispheres
How is the cerebellum involved in memory?
(2 points)
Where is it?
encodes and temporarily stores implicit memories of simple conditioned reflexes
cauliflower-shaped structure at base of the brain
What is autobiographical memory?
memory system consisting of episodes recollected from individual’s life, based on combination of episodic+semantic memory
What is episodic future thinking?
How is semantic memory involved?
How is episodic memory involved?
projecting urself forwards in time to pre-experience an event that might happen in your personal future
provides context of imagined event
provide specific details of what may occur
What is a mnemonic?
How are they useful?
any technique used for improving or enhancing memory
useful in learning lists/sequences of info
What is the method of loci?
commits familiar location/sequence of locations to memory, then visually links them with info that needs to be recalled
What is an acronym?
an abbreviation formed from the first letter of each word and pronounced as a single word (eg ANZAC)
What is an acrostic?
a phrase in which the first letter of each word functions as a cue to help with recall (eg never eat soggy weetbix)
What are songlines?
How do they help encode and retain info?
one of many sung narratives of the landscape that weave across Country and enable every significant place in Aboriginal Dreaming to be known
incorporate geography+storytelling to encode memory, supporting strong spatial and episodic memory.
