Chap 7 Notecards

Question 1

Pueblo

Answer 1

1. Previously lived in pithouses, took too much space when people were coming
2. Buildings several stories high and had many rooms, similar to modern apartment buildings
3. Able to accomodate more people, more people in the city

Question 2

Maize

why? cause?

Answer 2

Iroquois farmed in hot climates, became very valuable for people in the desert

Question 3

Maize

definition?

Answer 3

word for corn

Question 4

Maize

consequence?

Answer 4

Iroquois farm crops, such as beans, squash, and maize; fed many people

Question 5

Slash and burn agriculture

why? cause?

Answer 5

Mayas lived in small villages who benefitted from good rainfall and rich soils; rain forest environment caused farming challenge

Question 6

Slash and burn agriculture

definition?

Answer 6

Method of farming which involves burning vegetation to clear land for planting

Question 7

Slash and burn agriculture

consequence?

Answer 7

Allowed new crops to be planted

farmers built flat terraces on the hillside

Question 8

Glyphs

cause? why?

Answer 8

Mayans developed a complex writing system to keep records

Question 9

Glyphs

definition?

Answer 9

Mayan symbols that represented objects and sound

Question 10

Glyphs

consequence?

Answer 10

Carved writing into large stone monuments (stelae) and kept written records

Question 11

Adobe

cause? why?

Answer 11

The Hohokam built shallow canals for irrigation

built pithouses to store water; the growth of population in North America led to the development of kivas

Question 12

Adobe

definition?

Answer 12

structures built above the ground, that are made from sun-dried bricks of straw and clay

Question 13

Adobe

consequence?

Answer 13

kept inside warm in winter and cool in summer; possible to expand into a giant complex

Question 14

Pachacuti

cause? why?

Answer 14

1400s, used political alliances and military force to gain territory

Question 15

Pachacuti

definition?

Answer 15

Leader of the Inca empire, based in Cuzco

Question 16

Pachacuti

consequence?

Answer 16

Rapid expansion of empire

Question 17

Quipu

cause? why?

Answer 17

No written language among Inca; need to keep records of government supplies/resources

Question 18

Quipu

definition?

Answer 18

Set of colored and knotted cords used to keep records in Inca society; may have been 3D language

represents numbers or dates

Question 19

Quipu

consequence?

Answer 19

Allows for precise management of goods/resources

Question 20

Census

cause? why?

Answer 20

Incan government gathered information for tax purposes

Question 21

Census

definition?

Answer 21

population data, used by government for taxes and distribution of resources

Question 22

Census

consequence?

Answer 22

increased government power and efficiency, since people could not read census

Question 23

Obsidian

cause?

Answer 23

heat at the earth’s core produces volcanos and magma; need to eat in Americas

Question 24

Obsidian

definition?

Answer 24

volcanic glass used by many people of the Americas to fashion knives, swords, and other tools

Question 25

Obsidian consequence?

Answer 25

allows cutting for war, production, trade, in absense of metal blades

Question 26

vertiral integration cause?

Answer 26

diverse climates/biomes within one region

Question 27

vertical integration definition?

Answer 27

use of entire range of resources across multiple ckimate zones by one civilization

Question 28

vertical integration consequence?

Answer 28

allows for sophisticated economy and specialization thanks to abundance/diversity of resources