Chap 8 & 9

Question 0

John B Watson – father of what school of thought or perspective?

Answer 0

behaviorism: behavior can be changed and is determined by environmental causes rather than internal forces, focus on observable behavior

Question 1

What is learning

Answer 1

Permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience

Experience is key to learning

Question 2

John B Watson believed that psychology should be the science of?

Answer 2

observable behavior

Question 3

In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the sound of a tone was a (n)?

Answer 3

conditioned stimulus

Question 4

In Pavlov’s experiments the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of the food was a (n)?

Answer 4

unconditioned response

Question 5

If a tone causes a dog to salivate because it has regularly been associated with the presentation of food, the tone is called a (n)?

Answer 5

conditioned stimulus

Question 6

In Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment with his dogs, the ______ signal the impeding occurrence of the _______.

Answer 6

bell; salivation

Question 7

Spontaneous recovery refers to?

Answer 7

reappearance of a conditioned response after a delay

such as not using a skill for many years

Question 8

Extinction occurs when a _____ is no longer paired with a _____.

Answer 8

CS; UCS

Question 9

Toddlers taught to fear speeding cars may also begin to fear speeding trucks and motorcycles. This best illustrates?

Answer 9

generalization

Question 10

Skinner Box – describe.

Answer 10

box containing a lever that either offers reward (food) or a punishment (shock)

Question 11

Shaping – describe and recognize examples of.

Answer 11

reinforcers like food lead an animals actions towards desired behavior

Question 12

An event that increases the frequency of the behavior that it follows is a (n)?

Answer 12

reinforcer

Question 13

Every Saturday morning Arnold quickly washes the families breakfast dishes so that his father will allow him to wash his car. In this instance, washing the car is a (n)?

Answer 13

Positive reinforcer

Question 14

Positive reinforcers ______ the rate of operant responding and negative reinforcers _____the rate of operant responding?

Answer 14

decrease; increase

Question 15

Mason, a stockbroker, runs two miles every day after work because it reduces his level of stress. Mason’s running habit is maintained by a _____reinforce?

Answer 15

negative reinforcer

Question 16

A Fixed Ratio Schedule – describe and recognize examples.

Answer 16

subject is rewarded after pressing the lever a fixed number
ratio= number
reinforces response only after specified number of responses