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Psych > Prologue, chap 1 & 7 > Flashcards

Prologue, chap 1 & 7 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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0
Q

critical thinking

A

examines assumptions, hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions
ask questions

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1
Q

after 9/11 people said CIA & FBI could’ve foreseen likelihood of terroim. this perception is?

A

hindsight

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2
Q

what is hypothesis

A

prediction about specific behavior
based on theory
testable predictions

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3
Q

naturalistic observation

A

watching and recording organisms in natural enviroment
doesn’t explain behavior, it describes it
minimum involvement by observer
those observed don’t realize they are being observed

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4
Q

does correlation prove causation

A

no

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5
Q

what are placebo effects

A

drug or treatment that has no medical value

ex: sugar pill

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6
Q

independent variable vs. dependent variable

A

independent: variable being manipulated and tested by investigator
dependent: variable that will change as result of independent variable, it “depends” on independent variable

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7
Q

mean

A

adding scores up and dividing by number of scores

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8
Q

overconfidence

A

we think we know more than we actually do

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9
Q

case study

A

in depth study of single person or group
method used by freud
descriptive research
hope to reveal truth of us all

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10
Q

random sampling

A

everyone has an opportunity to be included

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11
Q

illusory correlation

A

perception of a relationship where none exists

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12
Q

random assignment is?

A

Equalizes 2 groups in age,attitudes, and every other characteristic

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13
Q

Control groups

A

receives no or experimental manipulation

receives placebo

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14
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

Body roughly synchronizes with 24 hour cycle of day and night through biological clock
Body temp rises as morning comes, peaks during the day, dips for a time in afternoon, drop again before we sleep

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15
Q

EEG

A

used to measure brain electrical activity

Gross activity of whole brain

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16
Q

Sleep walking occurs in what stage

A

3

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17
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Stop breathing during sleep

After a minute or so decreased blood oxygen wakes up the sleeper

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18
Q

Which method offers most reliable way of assessing whether athletic performance is boosted by caffeine consumption

A

Experiment

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19
Q

researchers are especially likely to use experiments rather than other methods in order to achieve greater accuracy with respect to

A

Researcher has better explanation as to why something happens

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20
Q

Those who are highly hypnotizable are especially at risk for

A

False memories

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21
Q

Dissociation

A

Split in consciousness

Allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

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22
Q

LSD makes a person experience what

Study These Flashcards
A

Hallucinations usually visual or hearing
Affects seratonin
-seratonin can affect ones mood drastically

23
Q

Melatonin effects on sleep

Study These Flashcards
A

Body has own internal clock
As it gets darker more melatonin is produced
As it gets lighter less is produced

24
Stage 4 sleep waves are what type
Delta waves- deep sleep
25
Activation synthesis theory
Random neural firings occur during REM | Dreams are the Brain trying to make sense of random firings
26
Withdrawal
Negative response to ending a drug | User could feel physical pain or cravings revealing dependence on drug
27
Posthypnotic suggestion
Commands given to people under hypnosis that will be performed when awakened Usually used for addictions, headaches, sickness, etc
28
Role playing
Therapeutic technique | Asked to act out situation so a more broad point of view can be seen from both people
29
Consciousness
Awareness of ourselves and our environment
30
Sleep spindles
Sleep spindles are rapid, rhythmic brain wave activity that shows up on EEG Occur during 2nd stage of sleep
31
How long is sleep cycle
About 90 min
32
Narcolepsy
Feeling of extreme sleepiness at any time Has a genetic component Cataplexy is most common symtpom: feeling of sudden muscle weakness, feels need to sit
33
Sleeping pills and alcohol can do what to your sleeping cycle
Can prevent amount of REM sleep we get each night
34
Tolerance
Need more of one drug to feel effect
35
Psychoactive drugs
Chemical substances that affect mental, emotional & behavior functions Alterations of neural activity in brain Speeds up, slows down Interferes with neurotransmitters as they cross synapse
36
Depressant
Uses ones awareness of external stimuli | Alcohol: most commonly used depressant
37
THC
active ingredient in marijuana | Act as depressant
38
Naturalistic observation
Observation of behaviors as they occur naturally Minimum involvement by observer Don't realize they are being observed No manipulation or control
39
Double blind
Both research participants and researcher are blind about who receives treatment or placebo Used in drug evaluation studies
40
Paradoxical sleep
Body is internally aroused | Body is externally calm
41
REM rebound
following sleep deprivation or being denied REM | a lot of REM will occur
42
latent content
unconscious drives and desires that would be threatening if expressed directly meaning of dream is unclear
43
manifest content
obvious or known meaning of dream
44
order of brain waves during sleep
``` BATD B- Beta A- Alpha T- Theta D- Delta ```
45
Franz Mesmer is found of
hypnosis similar to stage 1 sleep stage able to access thoughts and memories from the past
46
do most people need professional to stop smoking
no most people can do it on their own
47
cocaine
powerful stimulant produces quickest and most powerful rush of euphoria blocks reuptake of dopamine
48
john locke & empiricism
british philosopher | empiricism: believed mind filled w/ ideas and memories due to experience and observation
49
William James
believed psych should investigate function or purpose of consciousness
50
clinical psychologists
treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders hospital setting, clinics, private practice most psychologists work in this field
51
cognitive psychologist
how the way we think and the process info | affects our behavior
52
I/O psychologist
deals w/ improving work place to improve efficiency
53
psychiatrists & psychologists
psychiatrist: medical doctor, physician + degree in psychology - allowed to provide counseling & prescribe medications psychologist: doctorate in psycholoy- no medical degree - provide counseling services only cant prescribe meds
54
willhem wundt was concerned with
introspection: to look within structuralism: wanted psych to have structure

Psych (6 decks)

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