chapter 17 and 18

Question 0

what is EMDR?

Answer 0

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
psychotherapy by shapiro
uses rapid eye movements to reduce stress of traumatic events in the past

Question 1

social loafing is most likely among?

Answer 1

when people work in groups as compared to when they work alone

Question 2

cognitive dissonance

Answer 2

behavior is inconsistent with attitudes
when beliefs interfere with actions
try to reduce this through rationalizing
for example: a person who smokes can feel guilty

Question 3

solomon asch reported that individuals conformed to a group’s judgement of length of lines even when

Answer 3

even when they knew they knew the answer was wrong

Question 4

the failure to assume personal responsibility of helping with the victim is the best explanation of bystanders during the

Answer 4

kitty genovese murder

Question 5

what is the foot in the door phenomenon

Answer 5

start with small requests and move to larger ones

building to something bigger/ gradual

Question 6

what is social psychology

Answer 6

scientific study of how people’s thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors are influenced by others

Question 7

attitudes are _______ that guide behavior

Answer 7

like or dislike

beliefs and feelings

Question 8

what are personality traits

Answer 8

O- openness 
C- conscientious 
E- extraversion 
A- agreeableness 
N- neuroticism 
how someone behaves

Question 9

what is group polarization

Answer 9

when group discussion strengthens their beliefs of that certain topic
moves toward more extreme decision
usually moved in a negative way
ex: KKK

Question 10

teaching people to take personal credit for their successes and to blame the circumstances when things go wrong has been found to be effective in treatment of

Answer 10

depression

Question 11

two conflicting groups who share the same negative views of one another demonstrate

Answer 11

mirror image perception

Question 12

what is social loafing

Answer 12

reduction in effort when people work in groups

allow others to do all work in group

Question 13

prejudice

Answer 13

unjustified feeling against a group along with members

people in our “out groups”

Question 14

what is group think

Answer 14

members want to keep harmony among group when making a decision
everyone “blindly” goes along with group so they don’t disturb the peace or harmony
get info from an outside group or someone who doesn’t care about peace harmony

Question 15

which theory best describes why our actions can lead us to modify our attitudes

Answer 15

cognitive dissonance theory

Question 16

In milgram’s obedience experiments “teachers” showed a lower level of compliance when

Answer 16

1. was dressed as an authoritative figure
2. environment was more authoritative
3. no other person was present with the supervisor

Question 17

informational social influence

Answer 17

want to copy someone else’s behavior because we think they are behaving correctly
use others as information sources

Question 18

Milgrams obedience experiment

Answer 18

• -asked participants (teachers) to administer shock to learners (confederates) each time they answered a question incorrectly
• -task of learner: learn list f words and repeat back to the teacher
• -task of teacher: if learned made a mistake the teacher was to administer a shock to the learner-shock range 15 to 450

Shock Delivery
15 Volts 300 Volts Intense 450 Volts Extreme Danger
-60 to 65% of teachers administered the full range of shock 450 volts
–compliance was the same for both male and females 


Question 19

fundamental attribution error

Answer 19

observer to favor internal attribution in explaining behavior
overestimate influence of one’s personality and underestimating influence of situaton

Question 20

attribution theory was designed for what

Answer 20

explaining someones behavior or our own

why we behave the way we do

Question 21

altruism

Answer 21

unselfish concern for welfare of others

Question 22

deindividuation

Answer 22

loss of self awareness or self awareness when in a group situations
feel less responsible when in a group

Question 23

the bystander effect refers to the tendency for an observer of an emergency to with-hold aid if..?

Answer 23

they are in a group
they dont want to be embarrassed by helping others
they think someone else will do
not their responsibility

Question 24

the foot in the door phenomenon refers to what

Answer 24

start with small request and move up

Question 25

empathetic understanding of patients subjective experiences is major goal of

Answer 25

client centered therapist

Question 26

social trap

Answer 26

short term solution to problem that causes long run loss situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

Question 27

the milgram experience was controversial because

Answer 27

the teachers were often put under stress

Question 28

reciprocity norm

Answer 28

positive brings back positive negative brings back negative ex: someone gets someone a bday gift they will most likely return it

Question 29

what are superordinate goals

Answer 29

when opposing sides have to work together to come to a common goal encourages them to break down barrier and to see other person as human

Question 30

social script

Answer 30

outline that goes over customs, rituals, and beliefs in society

Question 31

what is normative social influence

Answer 31

type of social influence leads to conformity influence of others that leads us to conform to be liked or fit in

Question 32

GRIT attempts to reduce conflict through

Answer 32

concilation

Question 33

social exchange theory

Answer 33

- -rewards you receive as a result of helping others must be greater then the cost of action - -often helping others does not meet the social exchange theory