Chap 8 - pseudocode

Question 1

features of pseudocode

Answer 1

-all command words are in UPPERCASE
-DECLARE all variables at the start of the code

Question 2

rules for variables

Answer 2

-has to start with a character
-assignee using ←
-case insensitive
Poop & poop are the same variables

Question 3

declaring variables

Answer 3

DECLARE variable: data type

Question 4

outputting

Answer 4

OUTPUT variable
OUTPUT “hello”, “world”

Question 5

taking input

Answer 5

OUTPUT “question/ statement”
INPUT variable
eg.
OUTPUT “name?”
INPUT name

Question 6

how to comment on code

Answer 6

// this is a comment
// slashes must be added for each line

Question 7

data types

Answer 7

-integer
-boolean
-real
-string - delimited by “ “
-char- delimited by ‘ ‘

Question 8

arithmetic operation for
-addition
-subtraction
-multiply
-divide
-power
-squared
-remainder - returns remainder
-integer division - returns quotient
-rounding
-give random int

Answer 8

• +
• -
• *
• /
• ^(1/2)
  -MOD (num, divide by)
  -DIV (num, divide by)
  -ROUND (num, decimal place)
  -RANDOM( )

Question 9

logical operators for:
-greater than
-greater than or equal
-smaller than
-smaller than or equal
-equal (comparison)
-not equal (comparison)

Answer 9

• >
• > =
• <
• <=
• =
• <>

Question 10

Boolean operators

Answer 10

AND
OR
NOT

Question 11

assigning variables

Answer 11

-use ←
eg.
age ← 24
pop ←”poop”

Question 12

if, else conditional statement
(else is not necessary)

Answer 12

IF ( )
THEN
action
ELSE
action
ENDIF

Question 13

nested ifs

Answer 13

IF ( )
THEN
action
ELSE
IF ( )
THEN
action
ELSE
action
ENDIF
ENDIF

Question 14

case statement

Answer 14

CASE OF variable
“__” : action
“__” : action
OTHERWISE action
ENDCASE

Question 15

note: for loops in pseudocode, both values are included
eg. 0 TO 4 = 5 runs
so always start with 1

Question 16

for loop

Answer 16

FOR i ← 1 TO x
action
NEXT i

Question 17

while loop

Answer 17

i ← x
WHILE i <10
action
i ← i + 1
ENDWHILE
-use for validation

Question 18

repeat until loop

Answer 18

i ← x
REPEAT
action
i ← i + 1
UNTIL i <10
-use for validation

Question 19

How does a post condition loop work

Answer 19

-initialize loop counter
-execute action
-update counter
-check condition
-if condition met, stop
else repeat

Question 20

nested loops

Answer 20

-2 counters for inner and outer loops
-outer loop only loops after inner loop is finished
eg.
FOR i ← 1 TO 10
action
FOR j ← 1 To 5
action
NEXT j
NEXT i

Question 21

loop/if with a list as its range

Answer 21

n= [“A”, “B”]
-for i in n:
-while i in n:
-if variable[i] in n:
note: i changes to elements in list, list can be any data type

Alter

Question 22

index values in list

Answer 22

-all char has an index value
-first element = 1 - positive
-space also has an index value

Question 23

finding length of characters

Answer 23

LENGTH(“hello”)
LENGTH(poop)

Question 24

finding substring of characters

Answer 24

SUBSTRING (“hello”, 1, 3)
SUBSTRING(poop, 1, 3)
-first parameter = string
-second parameter = position of starting character
-third parameter = length of wanted substring

Question 25

uppercasing all string

Answer 25

UCASE("hello") UCASE(poop)

Question 26

lowercasing all string

Answer 26

LCASE("hello") LCASE(poop)

Question 27

extract a certain char from a list (string manipulation)

Answer 27

num = [6, 7, 8, 9] -print(num[ 0 ]) = 6 -print(num[ 0: ]) = 6, 7, 8, 9 -print(num[ 0:2]) = 6, 7 (index after : not included) -print(num[:2]) = 6, 7 (index after : not included) -print(num[-1]) = 9 -print(num[i:i+ n ]) = value with i index & n no.s after it alter

Question 28

create a blank 1D array

Answer 28

DECLARE variable: ARRAY[1:5] OF DATA TYPE includes upper bound so 5 spots created

Question 29

note: before making 2D array - make a table look alike of it mark row = 1, column = 2

Question 30

order of row & column in 2D array when: 1)creating array 2)printing array 3)traversing mark row = 1, column = 2

Answer 30

1) row, column 1, 2 2) row, column 1, 2 3) row, column 1, 2

Question 31

how to create empty 2D array

Answer 31

DECLARE variable: ARRAY [1:2, 1:3] OF DATA TYPE

Question 32

how to use a 2D list with variables to print row or element

Answer 32

for a row: OUTPUT groceries [row] for a single element: OUTPUT groceries [row, column]

Question 33

code for linear search

Answer 33

INPUT num Found ← FALSE counter ← 1 REPEAT IF num = list[counter] THEN Found ← TRUE ELSE counter ← counter + 1 ENDIF UNTIL Found OR counter>size IF found = TRUE THEN OUTPUT "found" ELSE OUTPUT "not found: ENDIF

Question 34

Code for bubble sort

Answer 34

n ← LENGTH (array) FOR i ← 1 TO n-1 FOR j ← 1 TO n-1-i IF array [j]> array[j+1] THEN temp ← array[j] array[j] ← array[j+1] array[j+1] ← temp ENDIF NEXT j NEXT i

Question 35

swap elements with a temporary variable

Answer 35

a ← 5 b ← 10 temp ← 0 ------------------------ temp ← a a ← b b ← temp

Question 36

code for traversing - accessing individual elements in 2D array

Answer 36

groceries = [["apple", "orange", "banana", "coconut"], ["celery", "carrots", "potatoes"], ["chicken", "fish", "turkey"]] FOR r ← 1 TO 3 FOR c ← 1 TO 4 OUTPUT groceries [r:c}

Question 37

code for sum of reach row in 2D array

Answer 37

FOR row sum ← 1 TO 10 sum ← 0 FOR column ← 1 TO 10 INPUT mark sum ← sum + array[row, column] NEXT j OUTPUT sum NEXT i

Question 38

code for totaling

Answer 38

total ← 0 FOR count ← 1 To size INPUT mark total ← total + mark NEXT count

Question 39

code for counting

Answer 39

count ← 0 FOR num ← 1 TO size INPUT mark count ← count + 1 NEXT num

Question 40

code for finding min, max, avg

Answer 40

total ← 0 maxMark ← 0 minMark ← 100 FOR count ← 1 TO size INPUT mark IF mark> maxMark THEN maxMark ← mark ENDIF IF mark< minMark THEN minMark ← mark ENDIF total ← total + mark NEXT count avg ← total/ size -set initial min value as highest value -set initial max value as lowest value

Question 41

code to put highest/ lowest/ avg value from 2D array in 1D array

Answer 41

DECLARE highest_store : ARRAY [1:3] OF INTEGER DECLARE salary : ARRAY [1:3, 1:4] OF INTEGER FOR r ← 1 TO 3 highest_salary ← salary [r:c] FOR c ← 1 TO 4 IF salary [r:c]> highest_salary THEN highest_salary ← salary [r:c] ENDIF highest_store [r] ← highest_salary NEXT c NEXT r -declare the first element in each row as highest salary & compare it with others -if others are bigger, highest salary is replaced by it

Question 42

how to use procedure with parameters

Answer 42

PROCEDURE addition (a: INTERGER, b: INTERGER) DECLARE sum: INTERGER sum ← a + b OUTPUT sum ENDPROCEDURE CALL addition (1, 2) - 1 & 2 are arguments which are called -put OUTPUT within the procedure to return cuz procedure can't return by itself

Question 43

how to use procedure without parameters

Answer 43

PROCEDURE default CALL LINE (60) END PROCEDURE

Question 44

how to use function with parameters

Answer 44

FUNCTION addition (a, b) RETURNS INTEGER DECLARE sum: INTEGER sum ← a + b RETURN sum ENDFUNCTION OUTPUT addition(1, 2) - 1 & 2 are arguments which are called -put OUTPUT outside the function cuz value is already returned

Question 45

file

Answer 45

-simple text file which can be opened, read from & written to -has ___.txt

Question 46

file operations command words

Answer 46

OPENFILE - opens file CLOSEFILE - closes file READ - opens an existing file WRITE - opens/ creates a blank file -never WRITE a file with data as it erases everything

Question 47

example of file operations

Answer 47

OPENFILE store.txt FOR WRITE WRITEFILE store.txt, "KISC" CLOSEFILE store.txt -KISC is written in store.txt OPENFILE store.txt FOR READ READFILE store.txt, poop OUTPUT poop CLOSEFILE store.txt -the variable poop stores the first line of data from store.txt & is outputted

Question 48

transferring data btw files using file operations

Answer 48

DECLARE extracted: STRING OPENFILE store.txt FOR WRITE OPEN FILE animals.txt FOR READ READ animals.txt, extracted WRITE store.txt, extracted CLOSEFILE animals.txt CLOSEFILE store.txt