Chaper 5: Abdomen And Gastrointerstinal System

Question 1

Which of the following statements are true of colon cancer?

1. The majority of adenocarcinomas of the colon occur in the rectosigmoid area.
2. The appearance of the “apple core” lesion is indicative of colon cancer.
3. Adenomatous polyps May develop into adenocarcinoma of the colon.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 1

D) 1, 2 and 3

Question 2

Peptic Ulcer

Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither)

Answer 2

Neither

Question 3

Ileostomy

Answer 3

An opening from the ileum to the exterior abdomen created by a surgical procedure to allow excretion of intestinal waste.

Question 4

Imperforate anus

Answer 4

Congenital disorder of characterized by absence of anal opening to the exterior.

Question 5

Gastroenteritis

Answer 5

General grouping of a number of inflammatory disorders of the stomach and intestines

Question 6

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Answer 6

An incompetent cardiac sphincter allowing the backward flow of gastric acid and contents into the esophagus

Question 7

Gluten sensitive enteropathy

Answer 7

Imaging modalities of choice: UGI, small bowel, BaE

Neither additive or subtractive

Question 8

Celiac disease is a type of:
A. Atresia
B. Herniation
C. Malabsorption syndrome
D. Ulcerative colitis

Answer 8

C

Question 9

Inflammation of a diverticulum is …

Answer 9

DIVERTICULITIS

Question 10

A pouch or sac of variable size occurring normally or created by herniation of a mucous membrane through a defect in its muscular coat

Answer 10

DIVERTICULUM

Question 11

What is Malrotation, and is it additive/subtractive/both/neither ?

Answer 11

Unnatural position of the intestines caused by failure of normal rotation during embryologic development.

It is neither !

Question 12

1.) esophageal atresia is classified as a(n) __________ condition of the gastrointestinal (GI) system.

A.) congenital
B.) degenerative
C.) inflammatory
D.) neurologic

Answer 12

A.) congenital

Question 13

Hernia

Answer 13

The protrusion of a part of an organ through a small opening in the wall of a cavity.

Question 14

Hiatal hernia

Answer 14

Protrusion of any structure, especially some portion of the stomach, into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm.

Question 15

A congenital, neurogenic disease of the GI system characterized by an absence of neurons in the bowel wall is:

a. Achalasia
b. Diverticulosis
c. Hirschsprung disease
d. Toxic megacolon

Answer 15

C. Hirschsprung disease

Question 16

Esophageal strictures: Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

Answer 16

Neither

Question 17

Esophageal Varicies

Answer 17

Varicose veins of the esophagus that occur in patients with portal hypertension

Question 18

Gallstone ileus

Answer 18

The condition in which a gallstone erodes from the gallbladder and creates a fistula to the small bowel

Question 19

3. The radiographic string sign is associated with

Answer 19

Regional enteritis

Question 20

Meckel Diverticulum: additive/subtractive/neither

Answer 20

Neither

Question 21

Achalasia

Answer 21

A neuromuscular abnormality of the esophagus that results in failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax

Question 22

Adenocarcinomas

Answer 22

Carcinoma derived from glandular tissue

Question 23

Adynamic Ileus

Answer 23

A failure of bowel peristalsis, often seen after abdominal surgery which may result in bowel obstruction

Question 24

Esophageal Atresia

Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

Answer 24

Neither

Question 25

Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy

Answer 25

An autoimmune hereditary disorder involving increased sensitivity to the gliadin fraction of gluten, an agent found in wheat, barley, and rye products.

Question 26

Granulomatous colitis

Answer 26

Chronic inflammation of the colon characterized by granulations associated with an infective process.

Question 27

``` The appearance of a Schatzki ring is associated with a(n) _____ hernia. A: Inguinal B: Rolling C: Sliding D: Umbilical ```

Answer 27

C: Sliding

Question 28

Carbohydrate Intolerance: Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

Answer 28

Neither

Question 29

Dysphagia

Answer 29

Difficulty is swallowing.

Question 30

Endoscopy

Answer 30

The use of lighted instruments with optic connects to visualize disease of esophagus and stomach, or rectum and distal colon.

Question 31

An outpouching of the bowel wall caused by a weakening in its muscular layer is a(n):

Answer 31

Diverticulum

Question 32

Hirschsprung disease: additive/subtractive/both/neither

Answer 32

Neither

Question 33

Hirschsprung disease

Answer 33

Absence of neurons in the bowel wall typically in the sigmoid, preventing relaxation of the colon and normal peristalsis; congenital megacolon

Question 34

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Answer 34

A congenital anomaly of the stomach in which the pyloric canal is greatly narrowed because of hypertrophic of the pyloric sphincter

Question 35

GERD: | Additive, subtractive, both, neither

Answer 35

Neither

Question 36

``` Review question 7: The fewest GI tumors, both benign and malignant occur in the: A. Colon B. Esophagus C. Large bowel D. Small bowel ```

Answer 36

D. Small bowel

Question 37

Carbohydrate Intolerance

Answer 37

The inability to digest and process sugars and starches into a source of energy due to an enzyme deficiency

Question 38

Colostomy

Answer 38

An opening for the colon to the exterior abdomen created by a surgical procedure to allow excretion of feces

Question 39

Crohn Disease

Answer 39

A chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of unknown cause involving any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but commonly involving the terminal ileum; also know as regional enteritis

Question 40

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis | Additive/Subtractive/Both/ Neither

Answer 40

Neither

Question 41

Situs inversus

Answer 41

Complete reversal of the viscera of the thorax and the abdomen.

Question 42

Ulcerative colitis

Answer 42

a chronic, recurrent ulceration of the colon mucosa of unknown cause.

Question 43

Volvulus

Answer 43

An intestinal obstruction caused by a twisting of the bowel about its mesenteric base.

Question 44

Diverticular disease: additive/subtractive/both/neither

Answer 44

Neither

Question 45

Polyps: additive/subtractive/both/neither

Answer 45

Neither

Question 46

Malrotation

Answer 46

Unnatural position of the intestines caused by failure of normal rotation during embryologic development

Question 47

Mechanical bowel obstruction

Answer 47

Refers to a bowel obstruction that occurs as a result of blockage of the bowel lumen

Question 48

Anal agenesis

Answer 48

a congenital disorder in which anal opening to the exterior is absent.

Question 49

Appendicitis

Answer 49

inflammation of the vermiform appendix resulting from an obstruction caused usually by a fecalith or rarely by a neoplasm.

Question 50

``` The condition in which a gallstone erodes from the gallbladder and creates a fistula to the small bowel is: A) gallstone ileus B) intussusception C) incarcerated hernia D) volvulus ```

Answer 50

A) Gallstone ileus

Question 51

Atresia

Answer 51

congenital absence or closure of a normal body orifice or tubular organ.

Question 52

Bowel Atresia: Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

Answer 52

neither additive or subtractive.

Question 53

Reflux Esophagitis

Answer 53

the backward flow of gastric acids into the esophagus

Question 54

Regional Enteritis

Answer 54

A chronic granulotomatous inflammatory disease of unknown cause involving any part of the GI tract, but commonly involving the terminal

Question 55

Bowel Obstruction (Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither)

Answer 55

Subtractive

Question 56

Achalasia (Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither)

Answer 56

Additive

Question 57

Intussusception

Answer 57

occurs when a segment of the bowel, constricted by peristalsis, telescopes into a distal segment and is driven further into the distal bowel by peristalsis. May appear as a “coiled spring”. Responsible for 5% of all mechanical obstructions and most frequently affects the ileocecal valve. More common in children and infants than adults. The modality of choice: Barium Enema, CT and MRI with and without contrast Subtractive due to the air-filled bowel

Question 58

LEIOMYOMAS

Answer 58

A benign tumor derived from stomach. A leiomyoma, also known as fibroids, is a benign smooth muscle tumor that very rarely becomes cancer (0.1%). They can occur in any organ, but the most common forms occur in the uterus, small bowel, and the esophagus. leiomyomas are the most common benign tumors of the esophagus. Modality of choice: Barium Swallow, CT, Ultrasonography. Neither additive or subtractive. (NONE)

Question 59

Regional Enteritis (Crohn Disease): Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

Answer 59

Neither

Question 60

A twisting of bowel about its mesenteric base best refers to

Answer 60

Volvulus

Question 61

Paralytic ileus

Answer 61

A failure of bowel peristalsis often seen after abdominal surgery which may result in bowel obstruction.

Question 62

Peptic ulcer

Answer 62

Ulceration of the mucous membrane of the esophagus stomach or duodenum.

Question 63

Ulcerative Colitis

Answer 63

Neither not additive or subtractive.

Question 64

Esophageal Varices

Answer 64

Neither subtractive or additive.