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Pathology > Chapter 2: Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Skeletal System Flashcards

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1
Q

Albers-Schonberg Disease

A

A form of osteosclerotic osteopetrosis; a benign skeletal anomaly that involves increased bone density in conjunction with fairly normal bone contour.

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2
Q

Anencephaly

A

Congenital absence of the cranial vault.

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3
Q

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

A

A solitary benign osteoplastic serum or blood-filled lesion of the bone.

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4
Q

Ankylosing Spondylitis

A

A form of rheumatoid arthritis of unknown cause that affects the spine in a progressive fashion, eventually fusing the spine into a rigid block of bone.

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5
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

A

Subtractive

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6
Q

Achondroplasia

Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

A

Neither

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7
Q

Epiphysis

A

Articular cartilage, spongy or Cancellous bone, compact bone

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8
Q

Escherichia coli

A

A gram-negative bacterium found in the large intestine that may produce a toxin causing intestinal illness

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9
Q

Ewing sarcoma

A

A primary malignant bone tumor arising in medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones

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10
Q

Exostoses

A

A benign bone growth, projecting outward from the boney cortex

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11
Q

Tuberculosis: additive, subtractive, both?

A

Subtractive

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12
Q
  1. The end portion of a long bone is referred to as the?
A

Epiphysis

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13
Q

Reiter Syndrome

A

A group of symptoms associated with complications of urethritis.

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14
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

A chronic systemic disease primarily of joints characterized by an overgrowth of synovial tissues and articular structures and progressive destruction of cartilage bone and supporting structures.

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15
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

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16
Q

Sequestrum

A

A piece of dead devascularized bone that separates from living bone during the process of necrosis.

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17
Q

Osteoma

A

A benign neoplasm of the bone

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18
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Infection of the bone, most often caused by Staphylococcus, which may localize or spread to bone to involve marrow and other bone tissue.

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19
Q

unicameral: additive/subtractive/both/neither

A

Subtractive

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20
Q

Osteopetrosis

A

A hereditary disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, likely resulting from faulty bone reabsorption.

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21
Q

Osteophytes

A

Osseous outgrowths(Spurs)

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22
Q

Involucrum

A

A shell or sheath of new supporting bone laid down by periosteum around a sequestrum of necrosed bone.

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23
Q

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

A form of rheumatoid arthritis which affects children.

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24
Q

Medullary canal

A

Inner spongy or cancellous portion of a long bone where bone marrow is produced.

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25
Metaphysis
The growing portion of bone.
26
Review Question 6: ``` The most common inherited disorder that results in dwarfism is: A. Achondroplasia B. Albers-Schönberg disease C. Osteogenesis D. Spina bifida imperfecta ```
A. Achondroplasia
27
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is referred to as: a. Ankylosis spondylitis b. Scoliosis c. Spondylolisthesis d. Spondylolysis
b. Scoliosis
28
Osteoarthritis: Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither
Subtractive
29
Osteoarthritis affects the weight bearing joints within the body and may be treated with?
Exercise Medication Surgery.
30
Osteochondroma
Additive
31
Clubfoot
Deformity of the foot involving the Talus.
32
Simple Unicameral Bone Cyst
A benign, fluid filled bone neoplasm
33
Spinal Bifida
A developmental anomaly characterized by incomplete closure of the vertebral canal, through which the choriomeninges may or may not protrude
34
Spondylolisthesis
Forward displacement of one vertebra over another (commonly occurring at the L5-S1 junction), usually caused by a developmental defect in the pars interarticularis
35
Spondylolysis
A condition marked by a cleft or breaking down of the body of a vertebra between the superior and inferior articular processes
36
Osteoma: Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither
Additive
37
``` The type of arthritis believed to be an auto-immune disease is: A. Bursitis B. Gout C. Osteoarthritis D. Rheumatoid Arthritis ```
D
38
Compact Bone
Dense, outer portion of bone.
39
Craniosynostosis
Premature or early closure of the sutures of the skull.
40
Craniotubular Dysplasias
An overgrowth of bone of the face and skull resulting in sclerosis and major skeletal deformities.
41
``` A freely moveable joint is classified as: A: Amphiarthrodial B: Diarthrodial C: Synarthrodial D: Triarthridial ```
B: Diarthrodial
42
Ancephaly: Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither
Neither
43
Ganglion
Cystic swelling that develops in connection with a tendon sheath, usually on the back of the wrist
44
Giant Cell Tumors
A neoplasticism growth of the skeletal system consisting of numerous multinucleated osteoclasts giant cells; also called osteoclastoma
45
Gouty Arthritis
An inherited, metabolic disorder with excess amounts of Utica acid produced and deposited in the joint and adjacent bone, most commonly in the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of the great toe
46
Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna
A thickening of the inner side of the frontal bone due to a benign tumor
47
One of the most common primary malignant rumors of the skeleton that arises from osteoblasts is: A. Giant cell tumor B. Osteoid osteoma C. Osteosarcoma D. Osteochondroma
Osteosarcoma
48
Psoriatic Arthritis: additive/ subtractive/ both/ neither
Additive (healing)
49
Staphylococcus aureus
Gram-positive micrococcaceae commonly present on skin and mucous membranes
50
Syndactyly
A webbing or fusion of digits
51
Tendonitis
Inflammation of a tendon
52
Which type of the following neoplastic diseases affects children more frequently than adults? a. Chondrosarcoma b. Ewing sarcoma c. Osteochondroma d. Osteoclastoma
B. Ewing sarcoma
53
Osteoclastomas
A tumor that is usually benign and characterized by osteolytic areas, most commonly found around the knee and wrist of young adults and composed of numerous, multinucleated osteoclasts; also called giant cell tumors
54
Osteoclasts
Cells that are associated with absorption and removal of bone.
55
Osteogenesis imperfecta
A congenital disease in which the bones are abnormally brittle and subject to fractures.
56
Osteoid osteoma
A benign tumor of bonelike structure that develops on a bone and sometimes on other structures.
57
Ankylosing spondylitis: additive/subtractive/ neither/ both
Additive, due to the calcification of the joint spaces.
58
The formation of extra digits is termed?
Polydactyly
59
Arthritis
Inflammation in which lesions are confined to joints
60
Bursitis
Inflammation of the bursa of the tendons, with the subdeltoid bursa as the most common site
61
Cancellous bone
Bone that has spongy, lattice-like structure filled by bone marrow
62
Chondrosarcomas
A malignant bone tumor composed of atypical cartilage
63
Osteopetrosis: an additive or subtractive pathology?
Additive
64
Reiter Syndrome: Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither
Neither. You do not usually have it for a long time.
65
Psoriatic arthritis
An inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis of the skin. Psoriatic can affect any joint and over time can cause joint damage. *Rheumatoid,* Imaging modality of choice: radiography and labs Both, subtractive,. Normally due to the breakdown of joints and joints, but additive if if healing due to calcium deposits.
66
``` Specialized cells responsible of the formation of bone are termed: A) chondroblasts B) osteoblasts C) osteoclasts D) both b and c ```
B) osteoblasts
67
Osteosarcoma
A primary malignancy of the bone usually arising in the metaphysis, most commonly around the knee. Imaging: radiography and MRI Additive, produces immature bone replacing healthy bone, growing aggressively.
68
Gouty arthritis
An inherited, metabolic disorder with excess amounts of uric acid produced and deposited in the joint and adjacent bone most commonly in the Mtp joint of the great toe. Radiography Subtractive, uric acid causesbjoint detorioration.
69
Transitional Vertebra
A vertebra that assumes the characteristics of the vertebrae on each side of a major spine division
70
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and animals caused by Myobacterium tuberculois, generally affecting the lungs in the human body
71
Whiplash
Hyperextension-flexion injury of the spine
72
Osteoblastoma
Tumors of the bone arisings from osteoblasts-Subtractive
73
Giant Cell Tumor
A neoplastic growth of the skeletal system consisting of numerous multinucleated osteoclastic giant cells- Subtractive
74
Ewing Sarcoma
A primary malignant bone tumor arising in medullary tissue, occuring more often in cydlindric bone-BOTH
75
``` All of the following are malignant neoplasms of the skeletal sysyem except: A:Chondrosarcoma B:Ewing Sarcoma C: Osteosarcoma D:Osteoma ```
D. Osteoma
76
Polydactyly
The presence of more than five digits. E
77
Potts disease
A fracture of the lower part of the fibula involving both malleoli with dislocation of the ankle joint. Radiography Subtractive, causes softening and eventually collapse of the vertebrae.
78
Osteomyelitis is a disease of the skeletal system that is
Inflammatory
79
The spongy bone tissue found between the two tables of the cranial bones
DIPLOE
80
The shaft of a long bone
DIAPHYSIS
81
An abnormal development of the hip joint which results in a misalignment of the femoral head and the acetabulum
DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF THE HIP
82
A benign growth of cartilage arising in the metaphysis of a bone
ENDOCHONDROMA
83
Osteomyelitis; additive/subtractive/both/neither ?
It is an infection of bone caused by staph. It is SUBTRACTIVE, due to loss of tissue and bone calcium
84
Bone marrow is located anatomically within the: a. ) cortex b. ) medullary canal c. ) periosteum d. ) trabeculae
b.) medullary canal
85
Tenosynovitis
Inflammation of the tendon & sheath, May spread to associated tendon resulting in tendonitis.
86
Trabecula
Spongy substance found within a bone, gives characteristic appearance to bone details.
87
Trabecular pattern
Arrangement of supportive strands of connective tissue of the alveolar bone in relation to bone marrow spaces within the cancellous bone.
88
``` The most common benign bone tumor is A. Endochondroma B. Osteoid osteoma C. Osteoma D. Osteochondroma ```
B. Osteoid osteoma
89
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Solitary benign osteoplastic serum or blood filled lesion of the bone.
90
Osteoid Osteoma
Benign tumor of bonelike structure that develops on a bone and sometimes other structures.
91
Chondrosarcoma
Malignant bone tumor composed of a typical cartilage.

Pathology (8 decks)

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