Chaper 8 Key Terms

Question 1

aorta

Answer 1

largest arterial structure in the body; arises from the left ventricle to supply blood to the head, upper and lower extremities, and abdominopelvic cavity

Question 2

celiac axis (CA)

Answer 2

first major anterior artery to arise from the abdominal aorta inferior to the diaphragm; it branches into the hepatic, splenic and left gastric arteries

Question 3

common femoral arteries

Answer 3

vessels originating from the iliac arteries seen in the inguinal region into the upper thigh

Question 4

Gastroduodenal artery (GDA)

Answer 4

branch of the common hepatic artery that supplies the stomach and duodenum

Question 5

hepatic artery (HA)

Answer 5

common hepatic artery arises from the celiac trunk and courses to the right of the abdomen and branches into the GDA and proper HA

Question 6

iliac arteries (IA)

Answer 6

originate from the bifurcation of the aorta at the level of the umbilicus

Question 7

inferior mesentery artery (IMA)

Answer 7

arises from the anterior aortic wall at the level of the third or fourth lumbar vertebra to supply the left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

Question 8

left gastric artery (LGA)

Answer 8

artery that arises from the celiac axis to supply the stomach and lower third of the esophagus

Question 9

left renal artery (LRA)

Answer 9

arises from the posteriolateral wall of the aorta directly into the hilus of the kidney

Question 10

right renal artery (RRA)

Answer 10

leaves the posteriolateral wall of the aorta; travels posterior to the inferior vena cava to enter the hilum of the kidney

Question 11

Splenic artery (SA)

Answer 11

one of the three vessels that arise from the celiac axis to supply the spleen, pancreas, stomach, and greater omentum; forms the superior border of the pancreas

Question 12

superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

Answer 12

arises inferior to the celiac axis from the anterior wall of the abdominal aorta; travels parallel to the aorta to supply the small bowel, cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon; lies posterior to the body of the pancreas

Question 13

collateral vessels

Answer 13

ancillary vessels that develop when portal hypertension occurs

Question 14

confluence of the splenic and portal veins

Answer 14

junction of the splenic and postal veins that occurs in the midabdomen and serves as a posterior border of the pancreas

Question 15

femoral veins

Answer 15

upper part of the venous drainage of the lower extremity found in the upper thigh and groin that empties into the inferior vena cava at the level of the diaphragm

Question 16

hepatic veins (HV)

Answer 16

largest tributaries that drain the liver and empty into the inferior vena cava at the level of the diaphragm

Question 17

iliac veins

Answer 17

receive tributaries from the lower extremities and drain into the inferior vena cava

Question 18

inferior vena cava (IVC)

Answer 18

largest abdominal vessel formed by the union of the common iliac veins; flows posterior to the liver to enter the right atrium of the heart.

Question 19

left portal vein (LPV)

Answer 19

the main portal vein bifurcates into the right and left portal veins; supplies the left lobe of liver.

Question 20

left renal vein (LRV)

Answer 20

leaves the renal hilum and travels anterior to the aorta, posterior to the superior mesenteric artery, to empty into the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava

Question 21

main portal vein (MPV)

Answer 21

formed by the union of the splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein; serves as the posterior border of the pancreas; enters the liver at the porta hepatis

Question 22

portal venous system

Answer 22

comprises the splenic, inferior mesenteric, superior mesenteric, and portal veins

Question 23

right portal vein (RPV)

Answer 23

the main portal vein bifurcates into right and left branches; the right portal vein supplies the right lobe of the liver

Question 24

right renal vein (RRV)

Answer 24

leave the renal hilum to flow directly into the inferior vena cava

Question 25

splenic vein (SV)

Answer 25

drains the spleen; travels across the abdomen, to join the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein; serves as the posterior medial border of the pancreas

Question 26

Superior mesenteric vein (SMV)

Answer 26

drain the small bowel and cecum, transverse and sigmoid colon; travels vertically to join the splenic and portal veins; serves as a posterior landmark to the body of the pancreas and an anterior border to the uncinate process of the head

Question 27

caudate lobe

Answer 27

smallest lobe of the liver; lies posterior to the left lobe and anterior to the inferior vena cava; superior border of the ligamentum venosum

Question 28

crus of the diaphragm

Answer 28

muscular structure seen in the upper abdomen at the level of the celiac axis; alights the vertebral column before crossing the midline posterior to the inferior vena cava and anterior to the aorta; may be mistaken for the right renal artery

Question 29

dome of liver

Answer 29

most superior aspect of the liver at the level of the diaphragm

Question 30

falciform ligament (FL)

Answer 30

attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and undersurface of the diaphragm

Question 31

ligamentum teres (LT)

Answer 31

termination of the falciform ligament, seen in the left love of the liver

Question 32

ligamentum venosum (LV)

Answer 32

echogenic linear structure found anterior to the caudate lobe and posterior to the left lobe of the liver

Question 33

Morison's pouch

Answer 33

right posterior subhepatic space located anterior to the kidney and inferior to the liver where fluid may accumulate

Question 34

porta hepatis

Answer 34

central area of the liver where the portal vein, common duct, and hepatic artery enter; this triad makes the area appear slightly more echogenic

Question 35

psoas major muscle

Answer 35

group of muscles that originate at the hilum of the kidneys and lie lateral to the spine

Question 36

splenic hilum

Answer 36

site where vessels and lymph nodes enter and exit the spleen; locate in the middle of the spleen

Question 37

t/f | cystic fibrosis is autosomal dominant

Answer 37

false

Question 38

t/f | The best diagnostic clue of CF is echogenic bowel

Answer 38

true

Question 39

Which gene is mutated in Cystic Fibrosis? a) BRCA 1 b) CFTR c) CFHR5 d) Monosomy X

Answer 39

b