chapt. 1-2 Flashcards
(36 cards)
Does the U.S. have a dual court system
yes
What is a dual court system
having two independent judicial system
Federal and State level
What level are the bulk of all police officers employed at
state level
What are the two common models of how society decides which acts are criminal
Crime control model
Due process model
What is the crime control model
Restraining criminal conduct through discipline, tight controls, and focus on public order
What is the due process model
having a just and fair system for all and a system that does not infringe on constitutional rights
What is the most frequent release from a jail or prison
Parole
What is parole
Supervised release from prison or jail with supervision before their full sentence is served
What is probation
Alternative to incarceration where they are allowed to serve out in the community with supervision but is part of the offenders initial sentence
Is discretion involved associated with the informal or formal criminal justice system
Informal
What is the informal criminal justice system
Alternative forms of justice or dispute resolution mechanisms falling outside the scope of the formal justice system
Example: resolving conflicts outside of formal court through tactics like negotiation
What is the formal criminal justice system
A complex system involving stages from investigation to sentencing
What is the consensus model
society comes to form a basic agreement on shared norms and values
What is a community-based sentence
Alternatives to jail or prison
Where are those convicted of minor crimes with short sentences and those awaiting trial or transfer held in
Jails
What is discretion
Make decisions based on personal judgement within framework of formal rules
What agencies operate throughout the United States
DEA
FBI
ATF
What is federalism
A sharing of government powers by federal and state authorities
What are victim surveys used for
To gather information from crime victims
What are the violent crimes
Robbery
Rape
Sexual assault
Assault
Murder
Harassment
Domestic violence
ETC.
What does the Uniform Crime Report or UCR do
Presents criminal data annually from local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies
What are UCR part I offences
Motor vehicle theft
manslaughter
burglary
larceny
aggravated assault
What are UCR part II offences
Simple assault
gambling
drug offences
sex offences
DUI
ETC.
Are crimes committed more by men or women
Men
