Chapt 3-4

Question 1

What is duress

Answer 1

Wrongful threat of one person induces another to perform an act he or she would not have otherwise committed

Question 2

What is entrapment

Answer 2

When law officials encourage or persuade an individual to commit and act they would not have otherwise committed

Question 3

What is Necessity

Answer 3

committed an act compelled by circumstances to prevent greater harm

Question 4

What is voluntary manslaughter

Answer 4

The victim provokes the offender to act violently

Question 5

What is second degree murder

Answer 5

Intentional killing without premeditation

Question 6

What is first degree murder

Answer 6

Killing someone with premeditation
Is the most serious form of homicide

Question 7

What is involuntary manslaughter

Answer 7

Unintended killing of a person while committing a crime, or acting in a reckless or negligent manner

Question 8

What makes up administrative law

Answer 8

Rules, orders, and decisions or regulatory agencies

Question 9

What is case law

Answer 9

Body of law established by the decisions made by judges in previous cases

Question 10

What is constitutional law

Answer 10

Defines role, powers, and structure of different entities within a state

Question 11

What is statutory law

Answer 11

Laws written and enacted by a legislative body

Question 12

What is a felony

Answer 12

Crime punishable by death or imprisonment in a federal or state penitentiary for a year or longer

Question 13

What is a Misdemeanor

Answer 13

Crime less serious than a felony

Question 14

What is a gross misdemeanor

Answer 14

More serious than a regular misdemeanor but less serious than a felony

Question 15

what is a petty misdemeanor

Answer 15

Minor offense that is not classified as a crime and does not carry jail time

Question 16

What is preponderance of evidence

Answer 16

The burden of proof necessary to win a civil trial

Question 17

What is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

Answer 17

Evidence presented by the prosecution must prove the defendant’s guilt to such a degree that no reasonable doubt could exist in the mind of a rational, reasonable person

Question 18

What was the major strategic goal in the community era of policing

Answer 18

Improve the quality of life of the citizens

Question 19

What is the U.S. customs and border protection

Answer 19

Federal agency that patrols borders of the U.S. to ensure immigrants do not enter the country illegally

Question 20

What is the U.S. marshals service

Answer 20

Federal agency that enforces federal laws, apprehends fugitives, manages criminal assets, and provides support to the federal justice system

Question 21

What is the U.S. department of transportation

Answer 21

Federal executive department responsible for overseeing national transportation systems and policies

Question 22

What is the U.S. immigrations and customs service

Answer 22

Federal law enforcement agency that protects the U.S. from cross border crime and illegal immigration

Question 23

What is concurrence

Answer 23

The guilty act and the guilty intent occur together

Question 24

What is causation

Answer 24

The relationship between a person’s actions and the result of those actions

Question 25

What is the least serious form of wrongdoings

Answer 25

Infractions

Question 26

What is mala in se

Answer 26

Acts that are inherently wrong or an act that is wrong in and of itself

Question 27

What is mala prohibita

Answer 27

Actions that are wrong simply because laws have been passed prohibiting them

Question 28

What U.S. city was the first organized police department formed

Answer 28

Boston

Question 29

What is corpus delicti

Answer 29

A person cannot be convicted of a crime unless there is enough evidence to prove a crime took place

Question 30

What does the social function of law concepts include

Answer 30

Expressing public morality and protecting citizens from criminal harm

Question 31

How are county sheriffs elected

Answer 31

By a popular vote

Question 32

What U.S. supreme court case ruled that the confessions of suspects not notified of their due process rights are invalid

Answer 32

Miranda v. Arizona

Question 33

What are precedents

Answer 33

Court decisions that provide guidance in interpreting the law

Question 34

What are procedural guidelines

Answer 34

Set the rules and procedures for investigating, prosecuting, and punishing crimes

Question 35

What are benchmarks

Answer 35

Continuous process of comparing an organizations systems and services to the best in the field

Question 36

What are baselines

Answer 36

Documenting the location and orientation of evidence

Question 37

What is the remedy for a violation of civil law

Answer 37

monetary damages awarded to the plaintiff

Question 38

What does the fourth amendment protect against

Answer 38

Unreasonable searches

Question 39

What are most arrests in the United States for

Answer 39

Crimes of disorder

Question 40

What is actus reus

Answer 40

A guilty act and refers to the physical part of a crime meaning the action or behavior is considered illegal

Question 41

What is habeas corpus

Answer 41

Legal procedure that allows individuals to challenge unlawful detention or imprisonment

Question 42

What is mens rea

Answer 42

Refers to the mental state of a defendant at the time of committing a crime

Question 43

What federal agency was created for combating currency counterfeiters

Answer 43

U.S. secret service

Question 44

What is the supreme law of the land and is the basis of all law in the United States

Answer 44

The U.S. constitution

Question 45

What is the irresistible impulse test

Answer 45

A legal doctrine that applies to the insanity defense in criminal cases

Question 46

What is the substantial capacity test

Answer 46

Legal standard used to determine whether a person has the mental ability to understand the nature and consequences of their actions

Question 47

What is the Durham rule

Answer 47

A rule in a criminal case by which a jury may determine a defendant is not guilty by reason of insanity because a criminal act was the product of a mental disease

Question 48

What is the M'Naghten rule

Answer 48

A legal standard used to determine whether a defendant can be held responsible for a crime if they were mentally ill at the time of the offense