Chapt. 5-6 Flashcards
(38 cards)
What is fruit of the poisoned tree
Any physical or verbal evidence police are able to acquire by using illegally obtained evidence
What is the exclusionary rule
Prevents evidence collected or analyzed in violation of a defendents constitutional rights from being used in court
What is exculpatory evidence
Any evidence that tends to accuse justify or absolve the alleged fault or guilt of a defendant
What is the purpose of a frisk
To discover weapons
What is the intent of an officer in a stop
To investigate suspicious activity
What is a seizure
The forcible taking of property by a government law enforcement official
What is the broken window theory
By cracking down on quality of life crimes police can significantly reduce all crime in the area
What are quality of life crimes
Refer to relatively minor nonviolent offences that affect people’s sense of well-being and public safety
What is the reasoning behind a warrantless search of automobiles
Vehicles are moveable and could drive away before the officer could obtain a warrant
The fourth amendment contains what two critical legal concepts
Prohibition against unlawful search and seizures
requirement of probable cause to make an arrest
Who is the responsibility of identifying the offender passed down to after the patrol officer has gathered preliminary information from the crime scene
Detective
Who are arrest warrants issued by
A judge
What is an interrogation
The direct questioning of a suspect to gather evidence of criminal activity and try to gain a confession
What U.S. supreme court case set limits for the use of deadly force by law enforcement officers
Tennessee V. Garner
What is a search
The process by which police examine a person or property to find evidence that will be used to prove guilt in a criminal trial
What is probable cause
reasonable grounds to believe the existence of facts warranting certain actions
What U.S. supreme court case found that the government had physically occupied private property via a GPS device over a prolonged period of time
United States v. Jones
What is the foreign intelligence surveillance act
Allows for surveillance of a suspect without a warrant as long as the primary purpose of the surveillance was to investigate foreign spying and not to engage in criminal law enforcement
What is the Patriot Act
A U.S. law that expanded the powers of law-enforcement and intelligence agencies to fight terrorism after the 9/11 attacks
What is reasonable force
The degree of force that is appropriate to protect the police officer or other citizens and is not excessive
What is deadly force
Force that is likely to cause death or serious bodily harm
What is sufficient force
Strong and violent physical action in order to achieve a goal
What is minimal force
The smallest amount of physical effort required to achieve a popular objective or overcome resistance
What crime is investigated the most thoroughly and results in the highest clearance rates
Murder
