Chapt. 9-10 Flashcards
(38 cards)
What is rehabilitation
Aims to reintegrate offenders into society by encouraging personal transformation and growth
What is deterrence
Theory that aims to reduce offending and future offending through sanction or threat of sanction
What is incapacitation
Refers to the legal strategy of detaining or imprisoning individuals to prevent them from committing further crimes
What is retribution
Refers to the act of setting a punishment for someone that fits the crime
What percent of their sentence must murderers and other offenders convicted of serious crimes serve
85 percent
In what supreme court case did they rule that what is cruel and unusual is defined by the changing norms of society
Weems v. United States
What are examples of alternative sanctions
House arrest
Electronic monitoring
Boot camp
What is the most common form of punishment in the U.S.
Probation
What are the four basic philosophical reasons for sentencing
Deterrence
Incapacitation
Retribution
Rehabilition
What are examples of reasons an offender may be denied probation
Conviction of multiple charges
On parole at the time of arrest
Using a weapon during commission of the crime
What is diversion
Programs that seek to avoid the formal processing of an offender by the criminal justice system
What is reintegration
Focus of preparing the offender for a return to the community unmarred by further criminal behavior
What do opponents of victim impact statements argue
Are prejudicial and inflammatory
What is judicial discretion
Rests on the assumption that a judge should be given ample leeway in determining punishments that fit both the crime and the criminal
What is truth in sentencing
Refers to the policies and legislation that aim to abolish or curb parole so that convicts serve the period to which they have been sentenced
What is judicial disposition
Refers to the outcome or decision made by a court after a lawsuit or criminal proceeding has been concluded
What is boot camp
Boot camps are a type of residential program for young offenders that are designed to provide a structured, military-style environment
What is shock incarceration
Shock incarceration is a structured short-term alternative sentence given to first-time convicts in an effort to get them off a criminal path
What is shock probation
US legal policy by which a judge orders a convicted offender to prison for a short time, and then suspends the remainder of the sentence in favor of probation
What is a suspended sentence
A suspended sentence is when a judge delays imposing a jail or prison term and lets you serve probation instead
About how many of parolees return to prison before the end of their parole period
Half
What is an aggravating circumstance
Any circumstance accompanying the commission of a crime that may justify a harsher sentence
What is a mitigating circumstance
Circumstances that lighten the blame or culpability of the defendant
What are habitual offender laws
Statutes that require lengthy sentences for those who are convicted of multiple felonies
