Chapter 1

Question 1

Neutral carbon atom has ______ single bonds

Answer 1

4

Question 2

Carbocation has ______ single bonds

Answer 2

3

Question 3

Carbanion has _____ single bonds and ____

Answer 3

3, 1 lone pair

Question 4

Describe carbene

Answer 4

2 single bonds and 1 lone pair

Question 5

Formal charge calculation

Answer 5

FC = valence electrons - (bonds + dots)

Question 6

Charges on atoms are

Answer 6

REACTIVE

Question 7

Charges are sites where ____________

Answer 7

Reactions occur

Question 8

If an atom has MORE lone pairs/bonds than it does in its neutral state, it has a ______ charge

Answer 8

Negative

Question 9

If an atom has LESS lone pairs/bonds than it does in its neutral state, it has a ______ charge

Answer 9

Positive

Question 10

a single bond has ____ areas of overlap

Answer 10

1

Question 11

a double bond has ____ areas of overlap

Answer 11

3

Question 12

a triple bond has ____ areas of overlap

Answer 12

5

Question 13

how to determine a coordination number

Answer 13

count the number of “things” attached to the atom
(bonds/long pairs) - double/triple bonds only count as 1

Question 14

coordination number of 2

Answer 14

sp
linear

Question 15

coordination number of 3

Answer 15

sp2
trigonal planar

Question 16

coordination number of 4

Answer 16

sp3
tetrahedral

Question 17

1 degree carbon

Answer 17

methyl
“end point”

Question 18

2 degree carbon

Answer 18

methylene
“linker”

Question 19

3 degree carbon

Answer 19

methine
“branch point”

Question 20

4 degree carbon

Answer 20

quaternary
“branch point”

Question 21

formal charge equation

Answer 21

FC = valence electrons - (bonds + dots)

Question 22

if an atom gains a bond or lone pair it will have a ___ charge

Answer 22

-1

Question 23

if an atom looses a bond or lone pair it will have a ___ charge

Answer 23

+1

Question 24

carbocation

Answer 24

carbon with 3 bonds and NO lone pair

Question 25

carboanion

Answer 25

carbon with 3 bonds and a lone pair

Question 26

empty

Answer 26

empty

Question 27

row 2 elements (BCNOF) can have __________ electrons under the octet rule

Answer 27

6, 8

Question 28

row 3 elements (Al,Si,P,S,Cl) can have _________ electrons under the octet rule

Answer 28

6, 8, 10, 12, 14

Question 29

a curly arrow starts where ____________ and ends ___________

Answer 29

where a bond/lone pair is ERASED, where a bond/lone pair is ADDED

Question 30

nucleophiles

Answer 30

electron-rich

Question 31

electrophiles

Answer 31

electron-poor

Question 32

hydrogen with 1 proton and 0 neutrons is known as

Answer 32

hydrogen

Question 33

hydrogen with 1 proton and 1 neutron is known as

Answer 33

deterium

Question 34

hydrogen with 1 proton and 2 neutrons is known as

Answer 34

tritium

Question 35

carbon with 6 protons and 6 neutrons is known as

Answer 35

carbon-12

Question 36

carbon with 6 protons and 7 neutrons is known as

Answer 36

carbon-13

Question 37

carbons with 6 protons and 8 neutrons is known as

Answer 37

carbon-14

Question 38

number of protons identify an

Answer 38

atom

Question 39

number of neutrons identify an

Answer 39

isotope

Question 40

shape of an s orbital

Answer 40

sphere

Question 41

shape of a p orbital

Answer 41

dumbbell

Question 42

criteria for an organic molecule

Answer 42

direct C-H bond

Question 43

a single bond has a ____ bond

Answer 43

sigma

Question 44

a double bond has a ____ bond

Answer 44

1 sigma, 1 pi

Question 45

a triple bond has a ____ bond

Answer 45

1 sigma, 2 pi

Question 46

3 potentials for resonance to occur

Answer 46

A with lone pair - A+ A+ - A = A A- with lone pair - A = A could also be triple bond**

Question 47

single bonds have ____ area(s) of overlap

Answer 47

1

Question 48

double bonds have ____ area(s) of overlap

Answer 48

3

Question 49

triple bonds have ____ area(s) of overlap

Answer 49

5

Question 50

each individual sigma bond counts as ____ area(s) of overlap

Answer 50

1

Question 51

each individual pi bond counts as ____ area(s) of overlap

Answer 51

2

Question 52

which bond is stronger? sigma or pi

Answer 52

sigma

Question 53

rigidity of a single bond

Answer 53

free rotation

Question 54

rigidity of a double bond

Answer 54

rigid

Question 55

rigidity of a triple bond

Answer 55

rigid

Question 56

where is the area of electron density located for a sigma bond

Answer 56

internuclear axis

Question 57

where is the area of electron density located for a pi bond

Answer 57

above and below the internuclear axis

Question 58

what are the four types of electron-rich species aka nucleophiles/lewis bases

Answer 58

A- with lone pair A with lone pair A triple bond A A double bond A

Question 59

what are the two types of electron-poor species aka electrophiles/lewis acids

Answer 59

A+ A with incomplete octet at neutral

Question 60

orbital overlap =

Answer 60

bond

Question 61

order of bond length (longest to shortest)

Answer 61

single, double, triple

Question 62

order of bond strength (strongest to weakest)

Answer 62

triple, double, single

Question 63

zina z-axis

Answer 63

axis connecting the nuclei

Question 64

a single bond requires how much energy to break

Answer 64

348 kJ/mol

Question 65

a double bond requires how much energy to break

Answer 65

613 kJ/mol

Question 66

a triple bond requires how much energy to break

Answer 66

839 kJ/mol

Question 67

does it take more energy to break a sigma or a pi bond

Answer 67

sigma