Test 2

Question 1

which bonds are rigid

Answer 1

double and triple bonds

Question 2

which bonds are flexible

Answer 2

single bonds

Question 3

greater orbital size mismatch = _________ bond length

Answer 3

longer

Question 4

greater orbital size mismatch = ________ bond strength

Answer 4

weaker

Question 5

as pH decreases, acid strength ______

Answer 5

increases

Question 6

as pKa decreases, acid strength ______

Answer 6

increases

Question 7

factor of acidity =

Answer 7

10^ delta pKa (absolute value)

Question 8

hydrocarbon definition

Answer 8

molecule with ONLY hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 9

what atom is going to “attack”

Answer 9

the LESS electronegative atom
LESS electronegative atom = less greedy, more willing to share

Question 10

single bond C atom hybridization

Answer 10

sp3

Question 11

double bond C atom hybridization

Answer 11

sp2

Question 12

triple bond C atom hybridization

Answer 12

sp

Question 13

weaker acid has a _____ conjugate base

Answer 13

stronger

Question 14

stronger acid has a _____ conjugate base

Answer 14

weaker

Question 15

requirement to be a bronstead base

Answer 15

at least one lone pair

Question 16

requirement to be a bronstead acid

Answer 16

at least one hydrogen tom

Question 17

electrophile (lewis acids)

Answer 17

A+
A incomplete octet

Question 17

nucleophile (lewis base)

Answer 17

A- long pair
A lone pair
A=A
A=-A

Question 18

term for molecule that can act as an acid or a base

Answer 18

amphoteric

Question 19

resonance stabilization = ______ pKa

Answer 19

lower
aka more stable

Question 20

examples of resonance stabilization

Answer 20

negative charge stabilized by:
- placement on electronegative atom
- electronegative atom nearby
- double or triple bond nearby

Question 21

which orbital is the lowest energy
(best/most stabilizing)

Answer 21

sp

Question 22

most unstable cycloalkane

Answer 22

cyclopropane

Question 23

most stable cycloalkane

Answer 23

cyclohexane
cyclopentane is close second

Question 24

why are 10+ carbon rings unstable

Answer 24

trans angular sterics (clash)

Question 25

reasons cyclopropane is unstable

Answer 25

angle strain torsional strain

Question 26

reasons cyclobutane is unstable

Answer 26

angle strain torsional strain

Question 27

describe angle strain and torsional strain for cycloPROPANE

Answer 27

angle strain - too narrow, should be 109 degrees but they are 60 degrees torsional strain - due to eclipsed (bent) bonds

Question 28

describe angle and torsional strain for cycloBUTANE

Answer 28

angle strain - too narrow, should be 109 degrees but they are 88 degrees torsional strain - due to eclipsed (bent) bonds, molecule becomes puckered to remove some torsional strain (butterfly conformation)

Question 29

how does a double or triple bond affect planarity

Answer 29

atoms bonded to double or triple bonds are IN PLANE with the double or triple bond

Question 30

conjugate acids have ______

Answer 30

more H atoms

Question 31

conjugate bases have ______

Answer 31

fewer H atoms