Test 1 - O chem 2

Question 1

RCOR’

Answer 1

ketone

Question 2

ROH

Answer 2

alcohol

Question 3

RCOOH

Answer 3

carboxylic acid

Question 4

RSH

Answer 4

thiol

Question 5

ROR

Answer 5

ether

Question 6

ROCH

Answer 6

aldehyde

Question 7

RCOOR

Answer 7

ester

Question 8

RSR

Answer 8

sulfide

Question 9

which is more reactive, alcohols or ethers

Answer 9

alcohols

Question 10

which is more reactive, aldehydes or ketones

Answer 10

aldehydes

Question 11

origins of ketones

Answer 11

G. Aketon

Question 12

origins of aldehydes

Answer 12

alcohol dehydrogenated

Question 13

origins of alcohol

Answer 13

A. al kuhl

Question 14

origins of ether

Answer 14

L. aether

Question 15

origins of ester

Answer 15

G. essigaither

Question 16

alpha carbon

Answer 16

carbon bonded to X

Question 17

beta carbons

Answer 17

one away from alpha
MUST have H atom bonded to it

Question 18

carbocations are carbon atoms making _____ bonds

Answer 18

3

Question 19

carbocations are ____ and ___________________

Answer 19

flat, trigonal planar

Question 20

carbocation bond angle

Answer 20

120

Question 21

how do carbocations form

Answer 21

heating alkyl-halides or acidifying alcohols

Question 22

carbocation stability

Answer 22

3 > 2 > 1 > methyl

Question 23

what degree of carbocation is most stable
why?

Answer 23

3rd
due to alkyl induction

Question 24

is a carbocation has a DB, it has the stability of a ____

Answer 24

1st degree

Question 25

allylic (resonance) carbocations have

Answer 25

+ charge a shared DB

Question 26

carbocation rearrangement requirements

Answer 26

1st or 2nd degree C+ beta branching

Question 27

alkene stability

Answer 27

tetra-sub > tri-sub > di-sub > mono-sub > ethylene

Question 28

E2 favorite bulky base

Answer 28

KOtBu

Question 29

alkenes as E2 reaction products

Answer 29

number of beta H's = number of products new alpha - beta bond zaitsev and hoffman products

Question 30

zaitsev vs hoffman products

Answer 30

zaitsev = major (80%), higher substitution of beta carbons horroman = minor (20%), lower substitution of beta carbons

Question 31

when to use cis/trans vs Z/E

Answer 31

cis/trans: when chains are identical on either side of DB Z/E: when chains are NOT identical on either side of DB

Question 32

cis/trans

Answer 32

cis: on the same side trans: on opposite sides

Question 33

Z/E

Answer 33

Z: on the same side E: on the same side

Question 34

1st degree alkyl halide reaction types

Answer 34

Sn2 only

Question 35

2nd degree alkyl halide reaction types

Answer 35

Sn2, E2, Sn1, E1 ALL OF THEM

Question 36

3rd degree alkyl halide reaction types

Answer 36

E2, Sn1, E1

Question 37

base structure, mechanism, and reaction type

Answer 37

bulky pluck off H atom E2 reactions

Question 38

nucleophile structure, mechanism, and reaction type

Answer 38

not bulky (linear/have DBs) attack and connect to partial + C atoms Sn2 reactions

Question 39

E1 reactions have ____________ curly arrows

Answer 39

3

Question 40

in E1 reactions, if carbocation is 1st or 2nd degree, you should __________________

Answer 40

attempt rearrangement (~H/~R)

Question 41

steps for alkene nomenclature

Answer 41

1. number main chain starting closest to DB (main chain MUST include DB) 2. DB should be lowest number (takes higher priority than branching) 3. classify alkene as cis, trans, E, or Z

Question 42

4 types of nucleophiles

Answer 42

A: A:- A = A A (triple bond) A

Question 43

addition reaction reaction rate based on substitution

Answer 43

tetra > tri > di > mono

Question 44

why are tetra-substituted alkenes fastest in addition reactions

Answer 44

alkyl induction

Question 45

curly arrows start at

Answer 45

e- location

Question 46

syn vs trans

Answer 46

syn: both new groups on same side of former DB trans: new groups on opposite side of former DB

Question 47

what stereochemical classifications give a +1

Answer 47

cis alkenes syn addition meso products

Question 48

what stereochemical classifications give a -1

Answer 48

trans alkene anti addition D, L products

Question 49

markonikov product

Answer 49

H rich alkenyl atom becomes MORE H rich (antiM product is opposite)

Question 50

hydration reaction fastest reaction alkene

Answer 50

tetra substituted

Question 51

what is the product of an alkene hydration reaction

Answer 51

alcohols

Question 52

in the first step of alkene hydration reactions, what side is protonated and what side is designated with a +

Answer 52

least substituted side is protonated most substituted side is designated +

Question 53

the product of a alkene hydration reaction is

Answer 53

neutral

Question 54

stable carbocations are

Answer 54

more highly substituted

Question 55

what degree of alcohol does NOT receive oxidation

Answer 55

3rd degree

Question 56

oxidation of alcohols = an increase in __________ and a decrease in ___________

Answer 56

C-O bonds, C-H bonds

Question 57

weak oxidizing agent

Answer 57

PCC 3 oxygen atoms

Question 58

strong oxidizing agent

Answer 58

Na2Cr2O7/H2SO4 (22724) 11 oxygen atoms

Question 59

PCC on 1st degree alcohol

Answer 59

increases number of C-O bonds by ONE

Question 60

Na2Cr2O7/H2SO4 on 1st degree alcohol

Answer 60

replaces ALL C-H bonds with C-O bonds

Question 61

oxidizing agents on 2nd degree alcohols

Answer 61

same product regardless of oxidating agent

Question 62

ozonolysis

Answer 62

splitting of a DB using O3

Question 63

alkenes are _____________, therefore they are considered _____________

Answer 63

electron rich, nucleophiles