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Organic Chem > Test 1 - O chem 2 > Flashcards

Test 1 - O chem 2 Flashcards

1
Q

RCOR’

A

ketone

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2
Q

ROH

A

alcohol

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3
Q

RCOOH

A

carboxylic acid

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4
Q

RSH

A

thiol

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5
Q

ROR

A

ether

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6
Q

ROCH

A

aldehyde

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7
Q

RCOOR

A

ester

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8
Q

RSR

A

sulfide

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9
Q

which is more reactive, alcohols or ethers

A

alcohols

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10
Q

which is more reactive, aldehydes or ketones

A

aldehydes

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11
Q

origins of ketones

A

G. Aketon

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12
Q

origins of aldehydes

A

alcohol dehydrogenated

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13
Q

origins of alcohol

A

A. al kuhl

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14
Q

origins of ether

A

L. aether

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15
Q

origins of ester

A

G. essigaither

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16
Q

alpha carbon

A

carbon bonded to X

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17
Q

beta carbons

A

one away from alpha
MUST have H atom bonded to it

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18
Q

carbocations are carbon atoms making _____ bonds

A

3

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19
Q

carbocations are ____ and ___________________

A

flat, trigonal planar

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20
Q

carbocation bond angle

A

120

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21
Q

how do carbocations form

A

heating alkyl-halides or acidifying alcohols

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22
Q

carbocation stability

A

3 > 2 > 1 > methyl

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23
Q

what degree of carbocation is most stable
why?

A

3rd
due to alkyl induction

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24
Q

is a carbocation has a DB, it has the stability of a ____

A

1st degree

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25
Q

allylic (resonance) carbocations have

A

+ charge
a shared DB

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26
Q

carbocation rearrangement requirements

A

1st or 2nd degree C+
beta branching

27
Q

alkene stability

A

tetra-sub > tri-sub > di-sub > mono-sub > ethylene

28
Q

E2 favorite bulky base

A

KOtBu

29
Q

alkenes as E2 reaction products

A

number of beta H’s = number of products
new alpha - beta bond
zaitsev and hoffman products

30
Q

zaitsev vs hoffman products

A

zaitsev = major (80%), higher substitution of beta carbons
horroman = minor (20%), lower substitution of beta carbons

31
Q

when to use cis/trans vs Z/E

A

cis/trans: when chains are identical on either side of DB
Z/E: when chains are NOT identical on either side of DB

32
Q

cis/trans

A

cis: on the same side
trans: on opposite sides

33
Q

Z/E

A

Z: on the same side
E: on the same side

34
Q

1st degree alkyl halide reaction types

A

Sn2 only

35
Q

2nd degree alkyl halide reaction types

A

Sn2, E2, Sn1, E1
ALL OF THEM

36
Q

3rd degree alkyl halide reaction types

A

E2, Sn1, E1

37
Q

base structure, mechanism, and reaction type

A

bulky
pluck off H atom
E2 reactions

38
Q

nucleophile structure, mechanism, and reaction type

A

not bulky (linear/have DBs)
attack and connect to partial + C atoms
Sn2 reactions

39
Q

E1 reactions have ____________ curly arrows

A

3

40
Q

in E1 reactions, if carbocation is 1st or 2nd degree, you should __________________

A

attempt rearrangement (~H/~R)

41
Q

steps for alkene nomenclature

A
  1. number main chain starting closest to DB (main chain MUST include DB)
  2. DB should be lowest number (takes higher priority than branching)
  3. classify alkene as cis, trans, E, or Z
42
Q

4 types of nucleophiles

A

A:
A:-
A = A
A (triple bond) A

43
Q

addition reaction reaction rate based on substitution

A

tetra > tri > di > mono

44
Q

why are tetra-substituted alkenes fastest in addition reactions

A

alkyl induction

45
Q

curly arrows start at

A

e- location

46
Q

syn vs trans

A

syn: both new groups on same side of former DB
trans: new groups on opposite side of former DB

47
Q

what stereochemical classifications give a +1

A

cis alkenes
syn addition
meso products

48
Q

what stereochemical classifications give a -1

A

trans alkene
anti addition
D, L products

49
Q

markonikov product

A

H rich alkenyl atom becomes MORE H rich
(antiM product is opposite)

50
Q

hydration reaction fastest reaction alkene

A

tetra substituted

51
Q

what is the product of an alkene hydration reaction

A

alcohols

52
Q

in the first step of alkene hydration reactions, what side is protonated and what side is designated with a +

A

least substituted side is protonated
most substituted side is designated +

53
Q

the product of a alkene hydration reaction is

A

neutral

54
Q

stable carbocations are

A

more highly substituted

55
Q

what degree of alcohol does NOT receive oxidation

A

3rd degree

56
Q

oxidation of alcohols = an increase in __________ and a decrease in ___________

A

C-O bonds, C-H bonds

57
Q

weak oxidizing agent

A

PCC
3 oxygen atoms

58
Q

strong oxidizing agent

A

Na2Cr2O7/H2SO4
(22724)
11 oxygen atoms

59
Q

PCC on 1st degree alcohol

A

increases number of C-O bonds by ONE

60
Q

Na2Cr2O7/H2SO4 on 1st degree alcohol

A

replaces ALL C-H bonds with C-O bonds

61
Q

oxidizing agents on 2nd degree alcohols

A

same product regardless of oxidating agent

62
Q

ozonolysis

A

splitting of a DB using O3

63
Q

alkenes are _____________, therefore they are considered _____________

A

electron rich, nucleophiles

Organic Chem (6 decks)

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