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Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of structure

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of how body parts function

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3
Q

Levels of organization

A

Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
System
Organism

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4
Q

Types of tissues

A

Epithelial, nervous, muscular, connective

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5
Q

Non invasive diagnostic techniques

A

Inspection
Palpation
Auscultation
Percussion

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6
Q

Inspection

A

Examining body for any change

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7
Q

Palpation

A

Examining body surface by gently touching with hands

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8
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening to body sounds to verify the functioning of certain organs

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9
Q

Percussion

A

Tapping the body surface with finger tips

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10
Q

Basic life processes

A

Metabolism
Responsiveness
Movement
Growth
Differentiation
Reproduction

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11
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all chemical processes in the body

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12
Q

Responsiveness

A

The ability of the body to detect and respond to changes

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13
Q

Movement

A

Motion of whole body, individual organs, single cells, tiny structures within the cell

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14
Q

Growth

A

Increase size of the body either by an increase in the size of existing cells (hypertrophy) or by increase in the number of cells through cell division (hyperplasia) or both

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15
Q

Differentiation

A

development of a cell from an unspecialized state (stem cell) to a specialized state (mature cell)

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16
Q

Reproduction

A

formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, replacement or formation of a new individual

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17
Q

Systems of the human body

A

Skin
Bones and joints
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
Silly Bonnie must not even care Larry really did us right

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18
Q

Autopsy

A

Post mortem examination of the body

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19
Q

Biopsy

A

Examination of tissue from a living individual

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20
Q

Homeostasis

A

Condition of equilibrium or balance in the body’s internal environment

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21
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

Within cells
Cytosol

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22
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

Outside the cell

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23
Q

What is cell survival dependant on

A

Precise regulation of chemical composition of their surrounding fluid of ECF

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24
Q

Homeostasis imbalances occur because of

A

Disruptions from internal or external environments

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25
Components of a feedback loop
Receptors Control Center Effectors
26
Receptors
Send nerve impulses or chemical signals to control Center
27
Control Center
Receive the input and provide nerve impulses or chemical signals to effectors
28
Effectors
Bring about a change
29
Interstitial fluid
ECF that fills the narrow spaces between cells
30
Negative feedback system
reverses a change in the controlled condition. Brings you back to homeostasis
31
Positive feedback system
tends to strengthen or reinforce a change of the body’s controlled conditions, response, will be exaggerated, stops when stimulus isn’t there
32
When homeostasis is disrupted it may result in
Disease Disorder Death
33
Factors that can affect your health
genetic make-up, the air you breathe, the food you eat, and the thoughts you think
34
Disorder
Any abnormality of structure or function
35
Disease
More specific term for an illness characterized by recognizable set of signs and symptoms
36
Signs
manifestation of a disease that is noted by an observer (e.g., temperature 39°C, joint looks red and swollen)
37
Symptoms
Subjective complaint made by person with disease (e.a. "I feel hot*. "It hurts*)
38
Head (cephalic)
Skull and face
39
Neck (cervical)
Supports the head and attaches to the trunk
40
Trunk (thoracic, abdominal, pelvic)
Chest, abdomen, and pelvis
41
Upper limb
Attached to trunk
42
Lower limb
Attaches to trunk
43
Supine
Laying on back
44
Prone
Laying on belly
45
Cranial cavity
Formed by cranial bones and contains brain
46
Vertebral cavity
Formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord and the beginnings of spinal nerves
47
Thoracic cavity
Chest cavity; contains pleural and pericardial cavities and the mediastinum
48
Pleural cavity
A potential space between the layers of the pleura that surrounds a lung
49
Pericardial cavity
A potential space between the layers of the pericardium that surrounds the heart
50
Mediastinum
Central portion of thoracic cavity between the lungs; extends from sternum to vertebral column and from first rib to diaphragm; contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels
51
Abdominopelvic cavity
Subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavities
52
Abdominal cavity
Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of large intestine; the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is the peritoneum
53
Pelvic cavity
Contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, and internal organs of reproduction
54
Membranes
Simple organs
55
 mucus membrane
Directly open to the outside, mouth, anus, nose
56
Serous membrane
thin, double-layered membranes that covers the viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities and also lines the walls of the thorax and abdomen, reduces friction
57
Pleura
Contains right pleura cavity, parietal pleura, and visceral pleura. Covers lungs
58
Pericardium
Contains parietal pericardium, pericardial cavity, and visceral pericardium, covers the heart
59
Peritoneum
covers many of the abdominal organ
60
Retroperitoneal
classification some organs are given because they are not surrounded by the peritoneum, rather, they are posterior to it
61
Aging
Progressive decline in the body’s ability to restore homeostasis
62
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death
63
Necrosis
Pathological cell death

AP 1 (24 decks)

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