Chapter 1

Question 1

the process of exchanging information
through a speakers ideas, thoughts, feelings, needs, or desires

Answer 1

communication

Question 2

Involves the acquisition and use of
morphology, phonology, syntax and semantics

Answer 2

linguistic competence

Question 3

In what way words and smaller units can be combined to form other words (go+ing=going)

Answer 3

morphology

Question 4

In what way sounds are combined to form words:
(c+a +t=cat)

Answer 4

phonology

Question 5

the word combinations used to express meaning in sentence structures.
(I+ see + a+ bird)

Answer 5

syntax

Question 6

In what way words correspond to things and events in the word. (It’s raining), how language reflects a speaker’s
intent (I want to tell you a story), or feelings (I’m feeling good
today).

Answer 6

semantics

Question 7

the ability to understand others. It is
understanding spoken language, also referred to as Auditory Comprehension. It is the ability to understand language: meanings, sentences, stories and conversation, concepts(color, size, emotion and time) and directions.

Answer 7

respective language

Question 8

the ability to express and share
thoughts, ideas and feelings. It is the ability to convey meaning and thoughts through the production of words and sentences, retelling of events and stories and engaging in conversation.

Answer 8

expressive language

Question 9

they accompany spoken language, help the listener better understand a speaker’s meaning.

Answer 9

paralinguistic cues

Question 10

Speech is the verbal means of communicating through articulation

Answer 10

speech and articulation

Question 11

the production of speech sounds by movement of the lips, tongue, and soft palate (velum).

Answer 11

articulation

Question 12

vocal folds vibrate to produce
phonation or voice

Answer 12

articulation

Question 13

sound produced by the vibration of the vocal folds

Answer 13

phonation

Question 14

the smallest units of sound that create a difference in meaning.

Answer 14

phonemes

Question 15

the part of language that is concerned with the combination of speech sounds for word formation

Answer 15

phonology

Question 16

defined as the means for human communication through the use of spoken words, written symbols, or sign
language

Answer 16

Language

Question 17

a shared code that represents
concepts through the use of arbitrary symbols.

Answer 17

language

Question 18

is also used to describe the nature of language: it describes the speaker’s ability to generate many types of sentences. I.e. new sentences produced by children when they don’t have the word they need

Answer 18

generative

Question 19

the description of a language with respect to its components: which are form, content and use.

Answer 19

grammar

Question 20

Syntax, Morphology and Phonology

Answer 20

form

Question 21

is the component of language that involves rules for combining words to form a sentence

Answer 21

syntax

Question 22

describe an action: eat, sleep, run, etc.

Answer 22

main verbs

Question 23

express mood, (can, could, shall, should, will, would, do, did, may, might)

Answer 23

modal auxiliary verbs

Question 24

concerned with the structure of words and the parts that compose the words

Answer 24

morphology

Question 25

the minimal distinctive units of words that determine meaning

Answer 25

morphemes

Question 26

these have meaning by themselves

Answer 26

free morphemes

Question 27

-s, -es, -est, -ing

Answer 27

inflectional morphemes

Question 28

-ful, -like, -ly

Answer 28

derivational morphemes

Question 29

are conjunctions (and and but), articles (the, an , a) and prepositions (in, under…) these show the difference between one and several, possession, or to show something that is exceptional (-est).

Answer 29

grammatical morphemes

Question 30

form the past tense of certain verbs (add -ed) and others require changes in vowels and consonants (eat/ate, throw/threw)

Answer 30

irregular verbs

Question 31

this is the part of language that determines meaning

Answer 31

semantics

Question 32

The appropriate use of language in social interaction along with the rules that govern interaction with others

Answer 32

pragmatics

Question 33

What rules are defined as the effective and appropriate use of language to accomplish social goals, manage turns and topics in conversation and express appropriate degrees of politeness, awareness of social roles and recognition of others’ conversational needs.

Answer 33

pragmatic rules

Question 34

labels a speaker’s intent or meaning when she produces a sentence in social interaction.

Answer 34

speech acts

Question 35

A method of communication with a strong connection between literacy

Answer 35

Written Language

Question 36

the ability to read and understand written text.

Answer 36

literacy

Question 37

involves the knowledge and intellectual capacity. It is the mental mechanism that allows a child to achieve cognitive skills.

Answer 37

cognition

Question 38

the ability to focus on the essential factors in specific context or task, along with the ability to ignore the distractions

Answer 38

attention

Question 39

(short term memory) allows children the ability to store information encountered in a current experience. It is essential for a child to be able to store, internalize and retrieve or remember information (following commands)

Answer 39

memory

Question 40

the holding of information in the mind, along with the updating of this information when necessary to revise or add new information. (multi step commands)

Answer 40

working memory

Question 41

a cognitive process that enables a child to recognize and understand social signals. It allows children to interact appropriately with others and see things from others’ points of view.

Answer 41

social cognition

Question 42

Cognitive abilities used to control and coordinate information for planning, goals, controlling responses (inhibition), shifting, between tasks and keeping information in mind to guide future actions.

Answer 42

executive function

Question 43

___ includes: Inhibition, initiation, planning, working memory, attention, discrimination, problem solving, verbal reasoning, and theory of mind.

Answer 43

cognitive functions

Question 44

the conscious or unconscious restraint of a behavior or an impulse to act.

Answer 44

inhibition

Question 45

the ability to understand facts and concepts or ideas expressed in words and to manipulate this information to solve a problem

Answer 45

verbal reasoning

Question 46

The ability to understand others’ thoughts, feelings, and ideas

Answer 46

theory of mind

Question 47

allows children to appreciate others' mental states. It develops through exposure to conversations that contain mental state verbs: thinks, knows, and believes.

Answer 47

theory of mind

Question 48

Refers to the mental processes used to plan, monitor and analyze one’s thinking and behaviors. Consists of a child's self knowledge of his language and thought processes. This skill provides children with the skills needed for successful academic progress, such as preparing for class and completing class assignments

Answer 48

metacognition ability

Question 49

Involve the ability to think overtly about language, manipulate the structural features of language at the phoneme, word or sentence level; and focus on the language form. It allows children to be aware of the syllables and phonemes in words, rhymes, and ambiguous words. (cut with knife, cut with sharing profits, cut as moving ahead of someone in line.)

Answer 49

metalinguistics ability

Question 50

The ability to make inferences about the new experiences, transfer what has been learned across different experiences and identify relevant information when making comparisons.

Answer 50

verbal reasoning

Question 51

a variation of a particular language that is distinguished by phonology, grammar, or vocabulary. Each dialect spoken is considered a legitimate rule governed language system.

Answer 51

dialect

Question 52

This skill provides children with the skills needed for successful academic progress, such as preparing for class and completing class assignments

Answer 52

metacognition ability