Chapter 3

Question 1

Neutral pathways are associated with ____ that are repeated more frequently will be strengthened and reinforced

Answer 1

Behaviors

Question 2

The ability of the brain to change and adapt when an individual is exposed to new experiences. It is the lifelong ability to alter or make changes in its structure when exposed to new information.

Answer 2

Neuroplasticity

Question 3

The ____ is able to reorganize pathways to create new connections and create new neurons in response to the new experiences.

Answer 3

Brain

Question 4

The basic unit of the nervous system. It’s is a nerve cell that receives and sends electrical signals within the body

Answer 4

Neuron

Question 5

Nerve cells that transmit information to the central nervous system (spinal cord and brain) includes sight,smell, hearing, taste, and touch

Answer 5

Sensory nerves

Question 6

Nerve cells that transmit directions to muscles for movement

Answer 6

Motor neurons

Question 7

Nerve cells that act as a link between the sensory and motor neurons. They transmit information via neurotransmitters

Answer 7

Interneurons

Question 8

Chemicals that allow the signals from one neuron to the next across a synaptic cleft

Answer 8

Neurotransmitters

Question 9

The space between two neurons

Answer 9

Synaptic cleft

Question 10

Cell body, it maintains the function of the neuron, integrates and transmits information to the other cells

Answer 10

Soma

Question 11

The projection of a nerve cell that conducts impulses from the neuron. They take the information away from the cell body

Answer 11

Axon

Question 12

The projection that gathers information from other neurons and directs that information to the cell body. They bring information to the cell body.

Answer 12

Dendrites

Question 13

Axon that is covered a white sheath or cover

Answer 13

Myelin sheath

Question 14

Critical to neural transmission. Allow for rapid transmission of an electrical impulse along the myelinated nerve fiber.

Answer 14

Myelin sheath

Question 15

Myelin sheath are ___ times faster than unmyelinated fiber

Answer 15

50

Question 16

Central nervous system is made up of the

Answer 16

Brain and spinal cord

Question 17

Peripheral nervous system is composed of

Answer 17

Sensory and motor neurons that gather sensory information( touch(

Question 18

The Peripheral nervous system
consists of

Answer 18

spinal nerves and cranial nerves.

Question 19

The PNS consists of two parts:

Answer 19

Somatic nervous system: carries motor (movement) and sensory (hearing, touch, etc.) information to and from the CNS.

Question 20

Autonomic nervous system:

Answer 20

innervates muscles and glands for involuntary actions (gland secretions) and is responsible for the control of visceral functions: heart, digestion, respiration.

Question 21

Trigeminal Nerve

Answer 21

Innervation of speech production muscles

Question 22

Facial Nerve

Answer 22

Flattening and tensing of the soft palate(velum) and tongue retraction

Question 23

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Answer 23

Functions related to the tongue and the pharynx.
Sensory information relative to swallowing.

Question 24

Hypoglossal Nerve

Answer 24

Innervation of the intrinsic (internal) and extrinsic (external muscles of the tongue.

Question 25

The cerebrum is

Answer 25

the largest part of the brain and is covered by the cerebral cortex.

Question 26

The cerebral cortex is

Answer 26

the outer layer of neural tissue that surrounds the brain.

Question 27

corpus callosum’s role is to

Answer 27

callow the transfer of sensory, motor and cognitive information between the hemispheres.

Question 28

Broca’s Area is located in

Answer 28

the left frontal lobe of the brain:

Question 29

frontal lobe is involved in

Answer 29

motor (motor) and cognitive functions(planning, reasoning and memory

Question 30

The Parietal Lobe:

Answer 30

is associated with the sensorimotor control of writing

Question 31

wernickes areas is located in the

Answer 31

temporal lobe

Question 32

The Occipital Lobe:

Answer 32

Critical in the interpretation of visual sensory information.

Question 33

The Arcuate Fasciculus:

Answer 33

Is a bundle of nerve fibers that connects Broca’s area to Wernicke’s Area.

Question 34

Thalamus:

Answer 34

considered a relay station, conveying sensory and motor information to and from the cerebral cortex

Question 35

Hypothalamus:

Answer 35

Associated with basic functions, such as eating, breathing and temperature regulation

Question 36

Basal Ganglia and cerebellum play a role in

Answer 36

reading and language processing with abnormal activity in patients with dyslexia.

Question 37

Limbic system:

Answer 37

plays a role in memory which is essential in language development, given that memory plays a role in learning and storing new words.

Question 38

Cerebellum located at the base of the cerebrum

Answer 38

plays a role in performance of voluntary actions (based on purpose) writing, and speech production.

Question 39

Brainstem:

Answer 39

It controls messages between the brain and the rest of the body.

Question 40

Mirror Neurons:

Answer 40

At 1-3 days the infants’ innate sensorimotor skills are demonstrated by their perception and physical imitation of adults’ tongue protrusion and mouth opening.