Chapters 1-4 Midterm Review

Question 1

Mean Length utterance is the average number of morphemes in children’s words.

Answer 1

false

Question 2

The method of calculating the number of morphemes in children’s utterances involves counting some 2-3 word phrases as only a single word.

Answer 2

true

Question 3

There are______ morphemes in the following utterance. ”I saw Big Bird”

Answer 3

3

Question 4

The number of morphemes in the following statement are….” My mom works at school.”

Answer 4

6

Question 5

Abilities present at birth in the human brain that are not acquired are known as_________

Answer 5

innate

Question 6

An organized representation of knowledge is also known as a _________

Answer 6

schemas

Question 7

There are three types of neurons, _________, sensory and interneuron

Answer 7

motor

Question 8

Children have an expressive vocabulary of _________ at 24 months.

Answer 8

200

Question 9

When a child learns two languages, the child’s true vocabulary knowledge is scored, rather than the language that is being learned. This is known as ____________.

Answer 9

conceptual scoring

Question 10

When a child labels all animals that are furry and have 4 legs “doggy” it is known as _________

Answer 10

overextension

Question 11

The cognitive process that involves fitting this new entity into an existing schema is called_________

Answer 11

assimilation

Question 12

___________involves changing an existing schema to make the new entity fit

Answer 12

accommodation

Question 13

What is the stage in Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development where children form ideas based on their perceptions

Answer 13

preoperational

Question 14

____________ are things or events that excite infants; sight, sound, touch, taste, or smell

Answer 14

stimuli

Question 15

In this stage of Piaget’s theory of development, Children discover the environment, and learn through sensory perception and motor activity.____________

Answer 15

sensorimotor

Question 16

__________is when children remember that an object exists even if it is not seen

Answer 16

object permanence

Question 17

Between 18-12 months, infants can anticipate events they also establish goals and ways of getting what they want. This is known as _________________

Answer 17

means end behavior

Question 18

When children understand the world through mental operations rather than actions it is known as ____________

Answer 18

representational thought

Question 19

Language and play are both dependent on __________

Answer 19

engagement

Question 20

When children create roles for others in a play scheme is known as __________

Answer 20

decentration

Question 21

Two things that play a role in children’s pretend play are causal cognition and _______

Answer 21

counterfactual reasoning

Question 22

During joint attention when the infant and another person share the same direction of eye gaze, the most significant feature is that ___________

Answer 22

they say their first words

Question 23

_________awareness is a factor in children’s literacy development

Answer 23

phonological

Question 24

___________allows children to hold, process and manipulate information or keep this information in mind

Answer 24

working memory

Question 25

The ability to perceive and understand sounds that are associated with spoken language is _________

Answer 25

auditory perception

Question 26

The first stage of babbling in which the infant produces the same consonant vowel syllables is known as______________

Answer 26

reduplicated babbling

Question 27

Babbling occurs between these months_________

Answer 27

5-10

Question 28

In what stage of infant productions do you hear vegetative sounds such as burping and coughing?

Answer 28

reflexive

Question 29

The speech production that is very similar to an adults speech production in intonation and rhythm and is intermixed with real words is known as_________

Answer 29

jargon

Question 30

The four stages of cognitive skills are: perception, attention, memory, thought and __________

Answer 30

reasoning

Question 31

The knowledge needed to achieve or accomplish a goal. Knowledge that was not explicitly taught or talked about to the infant. Instead, it is knowledge that is possessed by the infant. _________

Answer 31

practical intelligence

Question 32

What is the requirement in understanding pronouns?

Answer 32

perspective talking

Question 33

1. Prosody is a communicative tool that involves __________, intensity and frequency when producing words.

Answer 33

duration

Question 34

Speech is defined as the verbal means of communicating through____________

Answer 34

articulation

Question 35

Phonemes are the smallest units of sound that create a _________ in meaning

Answer 35

meaning

Question 36

Theory of mind is the ability to understand the mental states of _____________

Answer 36

others

Question 37

A person, place or thing is a ___________.

Answer 37

noun

Question 38

Communication is the process of exchanging information through a speaker’s ideas, _______, feelings, needs, or desires.

Answer 38

thoughts

Question 39

An example of a paralinguistic cue is ______________

Answer 39

affect

Question 40

Linguistic competence involves the acquisition and use of ___________, phonology, syntax, and semantics.

Answer 40

morphology

Question 41

Phonology is the part of language that is concerned with the ______________of speech sounds for word formation.

Answer 41

combination

Question 42

Language is defined as a shared ______ that represents concepts through the use of arbitrary ____________.

Answer 42

code, symbols

Question 43

A phonological process describes a child’s production that ___________ from the target word produced by adults.

Answer 43

differs

Question 44

Syntax is a component of language that involves ______ for combining words to form sentences.

Answer 44

rules

Question 45

Grammar is the description of a language with respect to its components. These are ______, content and use.

Answer 45

form

Question 46

Verbs are _____ words

Answer 46

action

Question 47

Morphemes are the ____________ distinctive units of words that determine meaning.

Answer 47

minimum

Question 48

Semantics describes the ________ that is conveyed by words

Answer 48

meaning

Question 49

Pragmatics refers to the appropriate use of language in _____________

Answer 49

social interaction

Question 50

A speech act labels a speaker’s __________ or __________

Answer 50

intent/meaning

Question 51

Modal auxiliary verbs makes speech more__________

Answer 51

polite

Question 52

Cognition involves knowledge and _______________

Answer 52

intellectual level

Question 53

Working memory is defined as the holding of _____________in mind as well as updating it when necessary

Answer 53

information

Question 54

______________ allows you to know what information is already known by the listener

Answer 54

social cognition

Question 55

_______________ refers to the cognitive abilities used to control and coordinate information for planning goals, controlling responses, keeping information, shifting between tasks.

Answer 55

executive function

Question 56

Metalinguistic abilities are the ability to think overtly about ___________; manipulate the structural features of phonemes, words or sentences.

Answer 56

language

Question 57

__________________ is the child’s self-knowledge of his own language and thought processes.

Answer 57

metacognition

Question 58

The Central Nervous system in humans is composed of the ________ and _________

Answer 58

brain and spinal cord

Question 59

The basic functional unit of the nervous system. A nerve cell that receives and sends electrical signals within the body.

Answer 59

neuron

Question 60

The ability of the brain to change and adapt when the individual is exposed to new experiences is called______________

Answer 60

neuroplasticity

Question 61

Chemicals that allow the transmission of signals from one neuron to the next across a synaptic cleft are _______________

Answer 61

neurotransmitters

Question 62

Nerve cells that transmit information to the central nervous system that includes sensations: sight, touch, smell, hearing are ____________

Answer 62

sensory neurons

Question 63

Nerve cells that transmit directions to muscles for movement are _____________

Answer 63

motor neurons

Question 64

____________is the cell body of the neuron and integrates and transmits information to other cells

Answer 64

soma

Question 65

The _____________allows transfer of sensory, motor and cognitive information between the two hemispheres

Answer 65

corpus callosum

Question 66

The ___________ is the projection of a nerve cell that conducts impulses from the neuron

Answer 66

axon

Question 67

The _________is the projection of the nerve cell that conducts impulses to the cell body

Answer 67

dendrite

Question 68

The ___________is responsible for control of connected speech efforts important for performance of voluntary actions

Answer 68

cerebellum

Question 69

The ____________ is responsible for planning, execution, and monitoring, writing

Answer 69

parietal lobe

Question 70

The ___________is responsible for speech reception or understanding of spoken language.

Answer 70

temporal lobe

Question 71

____________is the primary auditory area and plays a role in processing linguistic information

Answer 71

heschls gyrus

Question 72

____________is located in the left frontal lobe and is responsible for speech production

Answer 72

Brocas area

Question 73

____________is located in the temporal lobe and is responsible for understanding sounds

Answer 73

Wernicke's area

Question 74

A bundle of nerve fibers that connects Broca’s are to Wernicke’s area is the ____________

Answer 74

arcuate fasciculus

Question 75

This cranial nerve is involved in facial expression._______

Answer 75

VII

Question 76

This cranial nerve is innervates the speech production muscles._______

Answer 76

V

Question 77

This cranial nerve is involved in the function of the tongue and pharynx.________

Answer 77

IX

Question 78

___________is the ability to discriminate between sounds.

Answer 78

categorical perception

Question 79

A sheet that covers some neurons and allows the electrical stimulation to move faster from neuron to neuron is the ________________.

Answer 79

myelin

Question 80

The ___________ is the space between neurons.

Answer 80

synaptic cleft

Question 81

The _________lobe is responsible for visual sensory input.

Answer 81

occipital lobe

Question 82

Is a type of neuron that fires when individuals perceive the facial expressions or actions of others

Answer 82

mirror neuron

Question 83

The ability to draw conclusions from written text is known as _______________

Answer 83

abstract thought

Question 84

A subcortical structure that plays a role in reading and language processing is the ____________.

Answer 84

basal ganglia

Question 85

_________________ Is the relay station, conveying information to and from the cerebral cortex

Answer 85

thalamus

Question 86

The ability to understand others’ mental states, such as an individual’s beliefs, intents and wishes is ____

Answer 86

theory of mind

Question 87

An innate language acquisition device (LAD) allows children to establish grammatical information from spoken language.

Answer 87

principles and parameters

Question 88

Language develops through experience with language as it is used in the environment. Language information is gained from interaction with peers and adults with more advanced language skills.

Answer 88

social interaction

Question 89

Language develops through pattern finding for language used across different situations.

Answer 89

emergentism

Question 90

Children learn through schemas, consisting of psychological structures that allow children to attach meaning to entities.

Answer 90

cognitive

Question 91

_______________are innate language general rules that include general principles that apply to all languages.

Answer 91

principles

Question 92

_____________are psychological structures that allow children to understand, attach meaning and organize knowledge about entities they are exposed to in the environment.

Answer 92

schemas

Question 93

________________are language specific rules that apply to the specific syntactic structure for different languages.

Answer 93

parameters

Question 94

__________________ is the approach frequently used by adults to support learning language.

Answer 94

scaffolding

Question 95

_______________is the ability to produce words for entities or events that are out of sight.

Answer 95

object permanence

Question 96

________________describes the distance between a child’s actual development and ta child’s and his potential development.

Answer 96

zone of proximal development