1
Q
Mention some reasons of failure.
A
- lack of commitment
- lack of communication b/n user & developer
- lack of communication = redundant work
- lack of technical experts
- lack of training
- lack of quality control
2
Q
what is a SP?
A
- is a unique endeavor undertaken with a purpose
3
Q
what are attributes of a SP?
A
- has a unique purpose
- is temporary
- requires resources
- has uncertainties
- incremental development
4
Q
what are characteristics of a SP?
A
- non routine
- planned
- phases
- large & complex
- constraints on resources
- specialization
5
Q
what is SPM?
A
- is the process of making invisible things visible.
- like; progress, complexity and flexibility
6
Q
What are triple constraints & how are they managed?
A
- Scope, Time & Cost.
- managed by making trade offs between them
7
Q
what is a PM?
A
- is the application of tools, techniques, knowledge & skills to meet project requirements.
8
Q
what are the components in PM framework?
A
- stakeholders
- PM knowledge area
- PM tools & techniques
9
Q
what are the 3 parts of knowledge area?
A
- Core Functions
- scope, time, cost & quality management - Supporting Functions
- Human resources, Communication, Procurement & Risk management - Integration Management
10
Q
what are the 7 processes in Integration management?
A
- Project charter dev’t
- Preliminary scope dev’t
- Project plan dev’t
- Project execution
- Change management
- Change integration
- Project closing
11
Q
_____________ initiates a project?
A
project charter dev’t
12
Q
define project portfolio.
A
is the management & organization of projects as a portfolio investments that contribute to entire enterprise success.
13
Q
what is a program?
A
a group of related projects.
14
Q
describe the difference between project management & portfolio management.
A
- Project management - answers tactical goals:
-> is project done well? - is it on time & budget - Portfolio management - answers strategic goals:
-> right project? - right resources?
15
Q
___________ ensures delivery of quality systems with in budget?
A
SPM
16
Q
what are fundamentals of SPM?
A
- determining size of project
- allocating resources
- applying resources
- monitoring & directing resources
17
Q
what are the phases of SPM?
A
- initiating
-planning - executing
- controlling
-closing
18
Q
__________ & __________ take more resources & time than all other phases?
A
execution (1), planning
19
Q
___________ is done throughout the project & takes less resource & time.
A
Controlling
20
Q
__________ & ____________ take the least amount of time?
A
initiating & closing
21
Q
what are the 4P’s / main focuses of SPM?
A
- people, product, process, project
22
Q
in what terms can a software product be defined?
A
context. objective, function & performance
23
Q
___________ is a framework used by tasks to build high quality software?
A
process
24
Q
what are 2 things that a framework includes?
A
- framework activities - Task sets [ tasks, milestones, work product ]
- umbrella activities - Software configuration management, risk management & software quality assurance
25
umbrella activities are independent from framework activities
True
26
Framework activities occur throughout the project.
False, UA
27
describe water fall model?
- linear
- phases executed sequentially with no feedback loop
- clear reqs, clear goal
- change intolerant, detailed planning, [ adv ] all reqs known, complete scheduling
28
describe a staged delivery waterfall model & feature driven development model.
- Incremental [ analysis, design, code, test (repeat) ]
- phases are repeated sequentially with no feedback loop
- clear goal & solution
- customers realize product with every increment
- uses and/or evaluation
- accommodates some changes
- better uses scarce resources
- allows some client involvement
[ dis ] - detailed plan, defining increments may be problematic
29
describe an iterative process model.
- phases are repeated in groups with no feedback loop after group completion.
- iteration can be on req, design, implementation or others
30
give examples of an iterative process model.
- dynamic system development method (DSDM)
- rational unified process (RUP)
- evolutionary development waterfall model (EDWM)
- SCRUM
31
describe characteristics of an iterative process model.
- clear goal & some clear solutions
- learn as you do
- solutions are released in each iteration
- allows customer feedback on solutions
32
list advantages and disadvantages of an iterative process model.
**advantage
- customer can review prototypes
- change accommodation between iterations
- adapt to changing business model
**disadvantage
- requires customer involvement - not easily obtained
- solutions are incomplete at the start
33
describe evolutionary development waterfall model.
- some solutions are known
- meaningful customer involvement
- final features are missing
- partial solutions are used to find complete solution
34
describe SCRUM process model.
- chaotic & no project manager
- team moves ball in ad hoc manner
- small, independent, valuable & full tested feature delivery
- team is self directed, client feed back, 1 month iteration, change management in each iteration
35
_________________ is a chaotic process with no project manager?
SCRUM
36
_____________ adapts well to document heavy & document light processes.
Rational Unified Process
37
RUP relies in the library of _________, __________ & _________?
reusable code, design & requirement
38
___________ phase of RUP handles mitigation of risk item.
Elaboration
39
______________ phase of RUP transits the system from dev't to production?
Transition
40
what are the phases of RUP?
- inception
- elaboration
- construction
- transition
41
what separates Dynamic System Dev't model from waterfall model?
- use of feedback loop
42
product reqs must be communicated from ______ to _______?
customer to developer
43
spiral model is more focused on ___________?
risk analysis
44
what 2 things does the spiral model combine?
- iterative nature from prototyping &
- controlled & systemic nature from linear sequential
45
Spiral model provides the potential for ___________ in software?
rapid dev't of incremental versions
46
in spiral model, during early iterations, incremental releases are _______ or _________ ?
paper model or prototype
47
what are the 6 task sets of the spiral model?
- customer communication
- planning
- risk assessment
- engineering
- construction & release
- customer evaluation
48
what are problem of the spiral model?
- convincing customers that evolution is controllable
- requires risk assessment experts
49
what are the phases of prototyping model?
- gather req
- build
- test
50
what are the disadvantages of Prototyping?
- quality & long term maintainability neglected
- customer demands "few fixes"
- developer makes implementation compromises
51
RAD emphasizes __________ ?
incremental & extremely short dev't cycle
52
____________ is a "high speed" adaptation of linear seq model?
RAD
53
how is high speed achieved in RAD?
using component based construction
54
what are the states of reqs in RAD?
- clear & stable
- can be handled by separate RAD teams
55
list the disadvantages of RAD
requires:
- modularization
- committed developers
- large number of teams
- low technical skills
56
what factors raise the level of technical risks?
- heavy use of new technology
- high degree of interoperability
57
component based process model designs a system using ____?
reusable components
58
in what process model can reqs be split mapped to existing components?
component based
59
___________ is used as a paradigm for client-server applications dev't?
concurrent PM
60
concurrent PM defined activities in 2D; _______ & _______?
- system dimension & component dimension
61
what activities address the system dimension?
- design
- assembly
- use
62
what activities address the component dimension?
- design & realization
63
how can we achieve concurrency?
1. simultaneously using system & component activities using State Management.
2. designing & realizing components concurrently
64
process models are adapted for use by __________?
software project team
65
what are the 10 signs a project is in jeopardy?
- poor scope definition
- poor change management
- change in business needs
- change in technology
- lack of sponsorship
- lack of skill
- resistant users
- user needs not understood
- manager who doesn't follow best practices
- unrealistic deadline
66
what are the responsibilities of clients?
- giving reqs
- clarifying reqs
- providing test data & criteria
- accepting deliverables
67
what are the responsibilities of a PM?
- initiating project
- understanding reqs
- scheduling, planning & estimation
- reporting & monitoring
68
List project management tasks.
- initiation
- planning
- estimation
- risk management
- configuration management
- monitoring & control
69
organizing the project kickoff is an activity during _________?
project initiation
70
finding out constraints & opportunities is an activity during _________?
project initiation
71
planning starts during ______________?
project initiation stage
SPM
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