chapter 6

Question 1

Define HRM

Answer 1

Human Resource Management

Question 2

List and explain the HRM processes

Answer 2

Human resource planning
Acquiring the project team
Developing the project team
Managing the project team

Question 3

Define Motivation (2 definitions)

Answer 3

• is the process of arousing and sustaining goal directed behavior.
• Individual forces that account for the direction, level, and persistence of a person’s effort expended at work.

Question 4

List and explain the three elements of motivation

Answer 4

• Direction - individual choice when presented with number if possible alternatives
• Level - the amount of work a person do in a project
• Persistence - the length of time a person stick with the project

Question 5

List and explain types of motivation theories

Answer 5

• Content theories - focus on individual needs, physiological, psychological deficiencies
• Process theories - focus on thoughts/cognitive processes/ that take place in people’s minds.

Question 6

List and explain groups of motivation theories (give an example for each)

Answer 6

• Internal - variable within the individual gives rise to motivation
  —— Maslow’s
• Process - nature of the interaction b/n the individual and the env.
  ——— Expectancy theory
• External - focus on the env elements
  ——-Two-Factor theory

Question 7

_________ is individual choice when presented with a number of choices?

Answer 7

direction

Question 8

_______ is the amount of effort a person puts forth?

Answer 8

Level

Question 9

_________ is the length of time a person sticks with a given action.

Answer 9

Persistence

Question 10

Process theories focus on _______ or ______ ?

Answer 10

Thoughts or Cognitive processes

Question 11

Motivation theories are largely developed from ______ ?

Answer 11

a North American perspective.

Question 12

which Early Philosopher said “work contributes to salvation; Protestant work ethic”?

Answer 12

Max Weber

Question 13

which Early Philosopher said “delve into the unconscious mind to better understand a person’s motives and needs”?

Answer 13

Sigmund Freud

Question 14

which Early Philosopher said ““enlightened” self-interest; that which is in the best interest and benefit to the individual and to other people”?

Answer 14

Adam Smith

Question 15

Fredrik Taylor emphasized corporation b/n ________ and _______ to enlarge company profits?

Answer 15

management and labor

Question 16

what are the lower-order needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 16

physiological, safety, social [ love and affection ]

Question 17

what are the higher-order needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 17

esteem [ respect, prestige ], self-actualization

Question 18

What is theory Y?

Answer 18

Assumptions about how to manage people with high order needs

Question 19

What is theory Y?

Answer 19

Assumptions about how to manage people with high order needs

Question 20

What is theory X?

Answer 20

Assumptions about how to manage people with low order needs

Question 21

What are McGregor’s assumptions about people based on theory X?

Answer 21

Lazy, self-centered, Lack ambition, dislike responsibility, and prefer to be led, Naturally resistant to change, Gullible, not bright, ready dupes (I see myself) lol

Question 22

what are components of Alderferer’s theory?

Answer 22

growth - desire to grow
relatedness - desire for r/n ships
existence - desire for physiological and material well being

Question 23

What can We Learn From the Needs Theories of Motivation?

Answer 23

• need for achievement - desire for excellence
• need for affiliation - desire for warm r/n ships
• need for power - desire to control and influence

Question 24

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory is aka?

Answer 24

motivator hygiene theory

Question 25

__________ Identifies two different factors as primary causes of job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction.

Answer 25

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

Question 26

what factors prevent dissatisfaction?

Answer 26

Hygiene factors

Question 27

what factors result in satisfaction?

Answer 27

motivator factors

Question 28

give examples of Hygiene Factors?

Answer 28

salary, work env't, r/n ship with coworkers - if absent == extreme dissatisfaction

Question 29

give examples of Motivation Factors

Answer 29

- promotion, recognition, responsibility, growth

Question 30

what is inequity?

Answer 30

The situation in which a person perceives he or she is receiving less than he or she is giving, or is giving less than he or she is receiving

Question 31

what are the 2 inequity theory prediction?

Answer 31

Negative inequity. Positive inequity.

Question 32

__________ is the Foundation of equity

Answer 32

social comparison.

Question 33

what is Organizational justice?

Answer 33

How fair and equitable people view the practices of their workplace.

Question 34

what are types the types of Organizational justice?

Answer 34

Distributive justice Interactional justice Procedural justice

Question 35

_________ is degree to which the people affected by a decision are treated with dignity and respect.

Answer 35

interactional justice

Question 36

________ is degree to which all people are treated the same under a policy?

Answer 36

distributive justice

Question 37

_________ is degree to which the rules and procedures specified by policies are properly followed?

Answer 37

procedural justice

Question 38

according to the Expectancy Theory, A person’s motivation is a multiplicative function of ______, _______ and _______ ?

Answer 38

M = E * I * V expectancy - effort will lead to acceptable performance instrumentality - performance -> reward valance - value of reward

Question 39

what are the Motivational implications of expectancy theory?

Answer 39

- motivation is low : when E, I and V approach 0 - motivation is high : when E, I and V are strongly positive

Question 40

what are Causes of MotivationalProblems?

Answer 40

- Belief that effort will not result in performance - Belief that performance will not result in rewards - The value a person places on, or the preference a person has for, certain rewards

Question 41

___________ is the measure of a person’s cognitive moral development?

Answer 41

moral maturity

Question 42

________ is The process of developing, negotiating, and formalizing the targets that a person is responsible for accomplishing.

Answer 42

goal setting

Question 43

What is the Goal-Setting Theory of Motivation?

Answer 43

- difficult goals - specific goals - task feedbacks - individual's self efficacy - individual's acceptance of the goal ALL LEAD TO HIGHER PERFORMANCE

Question 44

__________ is the Process of joint goal setting between a supervisor and a subordinate.

Answer 44

Management by Objectives

Question 45

What is Ouchi’s Theory Z?

Answer 45

A management/leadership theory developed by William Ouchi (with some of McGregor's X and Y theories entwined)

Question 46

___________ It is concerned with the culture of the whole school and not just the leadership of the school?

Answer 46

ouchi's theory Z

Question 47

________ depicts a humanistic approach of employee/ employer relationships?

Answer 47

ouchi's theory Z

Question 48

what does Theory Z recomend?

Answer 48

the organization be committed to its people rather than demand commitment from its people.