Chapter 1

Question 1

What are the seven traits that define language

Answer 1

• Communicative
• Arbitary
• structured
• Multilayered
• Productive
• Evolutionary
• Multimodal

Question 2

How is Language Communicative

Answer 2

• Intentional
• Influential
• Directed at others

We use language to…
- Exchange info + Ideas with others

Question 3

How does language exhibit Displacement

Answer 3

It has the ability to convo info + meaning not inherent to the convo’s context
Ex:
- future
- past
- hypotheticals
- ideas
- fictional bs

Question 4

How is language Arbitary

Answer 4

There is no RESEMBLANCE between a word (symbol) and its referent (what it stands for)

Question 5

How is language Structured

Answer 5

A pattern based on rules
- Phonology
- morphology
- Syntax

Question 6

How is language Multilayered?

Answer 6

How its utilized can convey complex meaning
Complex in regards to
- phonology
- words
- phrases
- sentences
- paragraphs

Question 7

How is language Productive

Answer 7

Limited set of sounds CREATES UNlimited set of words

Small set of words –> genereates limitless number of sentences

Question 8

How is language Evolutionary

Answer 8

Changes over time due to:
- Science
- technology
- Pop culture/fads
- Contact with other languages

Question 9

How is language Multimodal

Answer 9

• Oral mode
• Written mode
• Visual mode (sign language)

Question 10

What are the 3 components of Language

Answer 10

• Use
• Form
• Content

Question 11

What are 3 concepts of Form in language

Answer 11

Phonology
Morphology
Syntax

Question 12

What is Phonology

Answer 12

• The rules of sounds in words

Question 13

What is Morphology

Answer 13

• Rules that govern word formation

Question 14

What is Syntax

Answer 14

• Rules that govern grammar in sentence

Question 15

How many Phonemes does english have?

Answer 15

44

Question 16

What are Phonemes

Answer 16

Sounds (speech sounds)

Question 17

What happens when you change the sound of a word in the english language

Answer 17

You change the meaning of the word
ex: s—-> s un
f —-> f un

Question 18

What are Phonotactic rules

Answer 18

Rules for how sounds can be put together

Question 19

What is a Morpheme

Answer 19

Smallest unit of language that conveys meaning

Question 20

What are the two types of morphemes

Answer 20

• Bound
• Free

Question 21

what is a free morpheme

Answer 21

1 word with 1 component that can have 1 meaning

Boy —> Free Morpheme
1 meaning

Question 22

What is a bound morpheme

Answer 22

1 word with 2 components that can have 2 meanings

BoyS –> Bound morpheme
Boy= 1 boy
s= 2 boys

Question 23

What 2 traits can bound morphemes have?

Answer 23

• derivational
• Inflectional

Question 24

What does semantics mean?

Answer 24

the Meaning and relationship between words

Question 25

What are Content words

Answer 25

words used to identify and describe the meaning of words

Question 26

How many words do you know at age 1

Answer 26

5 words

Question 27

How many words do you know at age 6

Answer 27

20,000 words

Question 28

How many words do you know at age 12

Answer 28

50,000 words

Question 29

What can be learned in regards to language

Answer 29

- How to differentiate meanings - How to understand multiple word meanings - How to understand word relationships - How to comprehend abstract words

Question 30

What components make up the Use of language?

Answer 30

- Conversational skills - Communicative repairs - Social and contextual adaptations

Question 31

What are the 8 communicative functions of language

Answer 31

- to greet - to request - to question/ answer - to comment to protest - to joke to share ideas - to get attention

Question 32

What is pragmatics

Answer 32

Rules about how we use language to communicate

Question 33

What is discourse

Answer 33

interactions longer than single utterances

Question 34

what are the social and contextual adaptations we adjust our language on?

Answer 34

- Conversational event (setting) - Conversational partner (person talking to) - Listener's perspective (culture)

Question 35

What are conversational skills

Answer 35

- Eye contact - Gaining attention - Tone, distance & volume rate of voice - Topic discusion (initiation, maintenance, closure, switching topics).

Question 36

What are conversational repairs

Answer 36

breakdowns in communication

Question 37

What is Metalinguistics

Answer 37

The ability to reflect upon how our language functions (How we know what words to say in what sentences)

Question 38

What are pyscholinguistics?

Answer 38

Field in studying the psychological processes by which humans acquire and use language.

Question 39

How do we study language

Answer 39

- Lab experiments - Observations - Cross-Linguistic comparisons - Neurobiological measures.

Question 40

What are Derivational Morphemes

Answer 40

- er - un - ize - ment - ful - ne - ly any morpheme that undos the meaning of a word or creates enhanced meaning of word

Question 41

What are Inflectional morphemes

Answer 41

- s - ed - ing - er - est - 's - s - en Basically a morpheme that makes a word plural, makes the word a verb, makes a word past tense, makes a word own something.

Question 42

what are content words

Answer 42

Words that describe and identify

Question 43

what are functional words

Answer 43

words in between content words that help make the sentence make sense