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LINGUISTICS > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Biological Basis of Language

A
  • Is species specific
  • Is universal in humans
  • Need not be taught - cannot be suppressed
  • Developmental milestones are universal
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2
Q

What are 2 major components of the human brain involved in language processing

A

The cortex
The subcortical areas

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3
Q

What is the Temporal lobe resopnsible for

A

For understanding and perceiving spoken language

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4
Q

What is the occipital lobe responsible for

A

For understanding and perceiving written language

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5
Q

What are the lobes that make up the cortex

A
  • the frotal lobe
  • the occiptal lobe
  • the temporal lobe
  • the parietal lobe
  • the cerebellum
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6
Q

Where is the frontal lobe on the brain and what does it do

A
  • Rational thinking
  • Majority of all higher thinking
  • Emotional regulation
  • Impulsivity
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7
Q

Where is the parietal lobe on the brain and what does it do

A
  • Interpretation of touch
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8
Q

Where is the cerebellum on the brain and what does it do

A
  • Cognitive ability of balance
  • control of body
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9
Q

What is the RHEM responsible for

A
  • understanding pragmatic and linguistic aspect of language
    (intrpereting emotion of tone of voice)
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10
Q

What is the LHEM responsible for

A

Pretty much where the majority of language is stored

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11
Q

What is the tissue that connects the RHEM and the LHEM

A

the Corpus callusom

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the corpus callosum

A

To allow the two hemispheres of the brain to communicate to each other (laterlization)

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13
Q

What does the contralateral connections indicate

A

That things felt on one side, is actually cognitively interpreted on the opposite side of the brain

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14
Q

What are the components that make up the Subcortical area of the brain

A
  • Limbic system
  • Basal ganglia
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15
Q

What does the limbic system do

A
  • generate instinctual behaviours
  • generate emotions
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16
Q

What does the Basal ganglia do

A
  • motor movements
  • cognitive functions
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17
Q

Which part of the brain is responsible for lateralization

A

the hemispheres
the corpus callusom

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18
Q

Which part of the brain is responsible for localization

A

the lobes

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19
Q

What is the Stroop effect

A

When a written word is actually a different colour then the colour it symbolizes

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20
Q

what is the difference between male brains and female brains in regards to language

A

A male brain is more lateralized, while a female uses both her hemispheres more.

Men: more communication between both hemispheres
Women: More activity in each hemisphere seperately

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21
Q

What is the lateralization of language functioning in right handers

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A
  • 96% LHEM language
  • 4% RHEM language
  • 0% Bilateral
22
Q

What is the lateralization of langauge in left handers

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A
  • 70% LHEM language
  • 15% RHEM language
  • 15% bilateral
23
Q

How is the WADA test performed

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A
  • 1 Hemisphere is put to sleep while other hemisphere is wake
  • Patient is supposed to wiggle fingers and count while this occurs
24
Q

What were the split brain studies

Study These Flashcards
A

what it was: Corpus callusom was severed
Showed images on opposite sides
Patient was told to focus on the central point between them

Results: visual info goes to LHEM
visual info goes to RHEM

25
What is a Hemispherectomy
What is was: removal of a hemisphere of the brain Results: LHEM gone in adults ---> verbal and written output severely affected LHEM gone in kids ----> Partial recovery of language
26
What were the results of a Hemispheretomy in children
Those with LHEM intact had better syntactic form All of them suffered with phonological and semantic comprehension
27
What is the Dichotic Listening Technique
What it was: Present sequence of 3 digits to one ear and 3 different ones in the other Point: to see the strength of lateralization between the hemispheres and to see which ear you heard words to best from
28
What are the conclusions regarding the functioning of lateralization
Right side controls left side of body Left side controls right side of body
29
Where does Broca's aphaisa occur
in the lesions in the left inferior frontal region
30
What are the symptoms of Broca's aphaisa
- Anomia: aility to properly name people and subjects - Can utter automatic speech - Comprehension intact - partial paralysis to one side of the body (hemiplegia) - not much recovery
31
Where does Wernicke's Aphasia occur
In the lesions of the posterior
32
What are symptoms of Wernicke's Aphasia
- Fluent speech - Much paraphasis girl ---> curl bread---> cake - syntactical but empty sentences - cannot repeat words or sentences - Can't writing or words - Logorrhea
33
What is the bridge between the Wernicke's area and the Broca's Area
Arcuate fasciculus
34
How was Localization studied and what were the results
Was studied using brain mapping Results: they noticed occurred during some specific parts of the brain Greek in one area English in the other Some areas where both languages were located
35
What are Electrophysiologiucal methods of studing language
36
What happens in the WADA test when the RHEM is affected
left hand stops moving,
37
What happens in the WADA test when the LHEM is affected
Person stops counting, right hand stops moving
38
what are major language area in the left hemisphere
- Broca's Area - Wernicke's area - Angular Gyrus - Arcuate fasciciulus - Supramarginal gyrus - Primary auditory cortex - Geschwind's Territory
39
Where is the location of the Broca's area
Left frontal lobe
40
Where is the location of the Wernicke's area
Left temporal lobe
41
Where is the location of the Angular Gyrus
Junction of - Parietal - temporal - occipital lobe
42
Where is the location of the Arcuate fasciculus
Connect's BROCA'S and WERNICKE'S area, through parietal lobe
43
Where is the location of the Supramarginal gyrus
Parietal lobe of the left hemisphere
44
Where is the location of the Primary Auditory cortex
Temporal lobe, near Heschl's gyrus
45
Where is the location of the Geschwind's territory
Left angular gyrus, Supramarginal gyrus, neighbouring regions
46
Broca's area function
Articulation of grammatical language
47
Wernicke's area function
Language comprehension
48
Angular Gyrus function
- reading - integration of visual & auditory info
49
Arcuate Fasciculus function
facilitates communication between Broca's + Wernicke's area
50
Supramarginal Gyrus function
- Ability to process + manipulation speech sounds - reading & writing - Phonological processes
51
Primary Auditory Cortex
- Responsible for processing auditory info, including speech sounds perception of spoken language

LINGUISTICS (8 decks)

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