Chapter 1

Question 1

T/F Suicide primarily occurs in high-income nations of the world.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

T/F Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death overall in the United States.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

T/F More than twice as many suicides occur in the United States each year as there are homicides.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

T/F Although females are more likely to attempt suicide, males are more likely to complete suicide (take their own life).

Answer 4

True

Question 5

T/F Each year about 500,000 suicide deaths occur worldwide.

Answer 5

False (google says 700000 but idk)

Question 6

T/F Firearms are the most commonly used method of suicide among males and females.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

T/F Among males, the U.S. suicide rate is highest for men aged 65 and older.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

T/F The prevalence of suicide attempts typically is highest each year among adults between the ages of 18 and 25.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is the systematic study of human society and social interactions?

Answer 9

Sociology

Question 10

What is a large social grouping that shares the same geographical territory and is subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations?

Answer 10

A society

Question 11

What is the ability to see the relationships between individual experiences and the larger society?
* Personal troubles
* Public issues

Answer 11

sociological imagination

Question 12

What is the process by which societies are transformed from dependence on agriculture and handmade products to an emphasis on manufacturing and related industries?

Answer 12

Industrialization

Question 13

What is the process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities rather than in rural areas?

Answer 13

Urbanization

Question 14

• Coined the term “sociology”
• Founder of sociology
• Positivism is the belief that the world can best be understood through scientific inquiry (methodological and social/political).

Answer 14

Auguste Comte

Question 15

• Translated Comte’s work
• Wrote “Society in America”
• Advocated for racial and gender equality

Answer 15

Harriet Martineau

Question 16

• Social Darwinism is the belief that those species of animals best adapted to their environment survive and prosper.

Answer 16

Herbert Spencer

Question 17

• Wrote “Rules of Sociological Method”
• Social facts are patterned ways of acting, thinking, and feeling that exist outside any one individual but that exert social control over each person.
• Anomie is a condition in which social control becomes ineffective as a result of the loss of shared values and a sense of purpose in society.

Answer 17

Emile Durkheim

Question 18

• Stressed class conflict
  
  • Bourgeoisie versus proletariat
• Believed society should be changed
  
  • Economics was the central force for change

Answer 18

Karl Marx

Question 19

• Emphasized that sociology should be value free
  
  • Research should be conducted scientifically
• Was concerned with large-scale organizations
  
  • Specialized division of labor

Answer 19

Max Weber

Question 20

• Focused on how society is a web of patterns
• Considered group size in social interactions

Answer 20

Georg Simmel

Question 21

• University of Chicago
• American Sociological Association

Answer 21

The Chicago School

Question 22

• Founded Hull House
• Won a Nobel Prize

Answer 22

Jane Addams

Question 23

• Created a laboratory of sociology
• Studied racial conflict

Answer 23

W. E. B. Du Bois and Atlanta University

Question 24

a set of logically interrelated statements that attempts to describe, explain, and predict social events.

Answer 24

theory

Question 25

are based on the assumption that society is a stable, orderly system.

Answer 25

functionalist perspectives

Question 26

* Most influential advocate of the functionalist perspective * All societies must meet social needs in order to survive. * Balance must be maintained in the home, and institutions, such as school, church, and government, must support the families in preserving the system.

Answer 26

Talcott Parsons

Question 27

Distinguished between manifest and latent functions

Answer 27

Robert K. Merton

Question 28

are intended and/or overtly recognized by participants of a social unit.

Answer 28

Manifest functions

Question 29

are unintended functions that are hidden and remain unacknowledged by participants.

Answer 29

Latent functions

Question 30

argue that groups in society are engaged in a continuous power struggle for control over scarce resources.

Answer 30

conflict perspectives

Question 31

is an approach that examines whole societies, large-scale social structures, and social systems instead of looking at important social dynamics in individuals' lives.

Answer 31

Macrolevel analysis

Question 32

is the approach that focuses on small groups rather than large-scale social structures.

Answer 32

Microlevel analysis

Question 33

argue that society is the sum of the interactions of individuals and groups.

Answer 33

symbolic interactionist perspectives

Question 34

argue that existing theories have been unsuccessful in explaining social life in contemporary societies characterized by post industrialization, consumerism, and global communications.

Answer 34

postmodern perspectives

Question 35

is based on the goal of scientific objectivity and that focus on data that can be measured numerically.

Answer 35

Quantitative research

Question 36

uses interpretive descriptions rather than statistics to analyze underlying meanings and patterns of social relationships.

Answer 36

Qualitative research

Question 37

is a statement of the expected relationship between two or more variables.

Answer 37

Hypothesis

Question 38

is a concept with measurable traits or characteristics that can change or vary from one person, time, situation, or society to another.

Answer 38

variable

Question 39

is presumed to be the cause of the relationship.

Answer 39

independent variable

Question 40

is assumed to be caused by the independent variable.

Answer 40

dependent variable

Question 41

is the extent to which a study or research instrument accurately measures what it is supposed to measure.

Answer 41

Validity

Question 42

is the extent to which a study or research instrument yields consistent results when applied to different individuals at one time or to the same individuals over time.

Answer 42

Reliability

Question 43

are specific strategies or techniques for systematically conducting research.

Answer 43

Research methods

Question 44

the four research methods

Answer 44

survey research, secondary analysis of existing data, field research, and experiments.

Question 45

is a poll in which the researcher gathers facts or attempts to determine the relationships among facts.

Answer 45

survey

Question 46

is a printed research instrument containing a series of items to which subjects respond.

Answer 46

Questionnaire

Question 47

is a method of collecting data by which an interviewer asks the respondent questions and records the answers.

Answer 47

interview

Question 48

researchers use existing material and analyze data that were originally collected by others.

Answer 48

secondary analysis

Question 49

is the systematic examination of cultural artifacts or various forms of communication to extract thematic data and draw conclusions about social life.

Answer 49

Content analysis

Question 50

is the process of collecting systematic observations while being part of the activities of the group that is being studied.

Answer 50

Participant observation

Question 51

is a detailed study of the life and activities of a group of people by researchers who may live with that group over a period of years.

Answer 51

Ethnography

Question 52

is a carefully designed situation in which the researcher studies the impact of certain variables on subjects' attitudes or behavior.

Answer 52

experiment

Question 53

contains the subjects who are exposed to an independent variable to study its effect on them.

Answer 53

experiment group

Question 54

contains subjects who are not exposed to the independent variable.

Answer 54

control group

Question 55

is a relationship that exists when two variables are associated more frequently than could be expected by chance.

Answer 55

correlation