Chapter 1

Question 1

Symbiosis
-Mutualism
-Parasitism
-Commensalism

Answer 1

a long-term association between two organisms of different species
-Both partners benefit
-one partner benefits, other is harmed
-one partner benefits, other is unaffected

Question 2

Aristotle’s theory of “Spontaneous Generation”

Answer 2

Idea that living organisms can spring into existence from non living matter

Question 3

Who disproved Spontaneous Generation

Answer 3

Pasteur

Question 4

Robert Hook (1600s)

Answer 4

First observation of microbes

Question 5

Antonie van Leewenhoek

Answer 5

-Made crude microscope to examine threads
-made drawings of “animalcules” in rain water and teeth scrapings

Question 6

John Tindall (1870s)

Answer 6

-Proved microbes could be present in dust
_observed bacterial growth can be inhibited (restrained) by Penicillin species

Question 7

Fernidad Cohn (1800s)

Answer 7

Discovered and described bacterial endospores

Question 8

Sterile

Answer 8

Free of all life forms

Question 9

Dr. Wendell Holmes

Answer 9

Observed mothers who gave birth at home experienced fewer infections than a hospital

Question 10

Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis

Answer 10

Showed that women became infected in maternity wards after examinations by physicians working in autopsy rooms and not washing their hands

Question 11

Joseph Lister

Answer 11

-First to utilize hand washing and misting O.R.’s with antiseptic chemicals
-Techniques became the foundation for modern microbial control still in use today

Question 12

Pasteur

Answer 12

-Invented pasteurization
-Showed human diseases could rise from infection

Question 13

Robert Koch

Answer 13

-Established a series of proofs that verified the germ theory of disease
-Linked specific microorganisms with a specific disease

Question 14

Taxonomy

Answer 14

The science of identifying, classifying, and naming biological species.

Question 15

Classification

Answer 15

Attempts the orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of taxa (categories)

Question 16

Taxonomic Levels of Classification from most general to most specific

Answer 16

-Domain
-Kingdom
-Phylum (Division)
-Class
-Order
-Family
-Genus
-Species
King Phillip Calls Out For Good Soup

Question 17

Phylogeny

Answer 17

-Taxonomic scheme that represents the natural relatedness between groups of living things
-Based on evolution

Question 18

What are the three Domains?

Answer 18

-Bacteria
-Archea
-Eukarya

Question 19

Major groups of microorganisms

Answer 19

-Bacteria -Fungi -Protozoa -Viruses -Prions -Helminths

Question 20

Protozoa

Answer 20

A group pf single celled eukaryotes. Historically called “One celled animals”

Question 21

Prions

Answer 21

Pathogenic agents that induce abnormal folding of specific normal cellular proteins (prion proteins most found in the brain.

Question 22

Helminths

Answer 22

Parasitic worms- not technically microorganism as they are multicellular animal whose mature form can be seen by the naked eye

Question 23

Medical Microbiology

Answer 23

Deals with microbes that cause diseases in humans and animals

Question 24

Public Health Microbiology and Epidemiology

Answer 24

Monitor and control the spread of diseases in communities. Includes USPHS, CDC, WHO

Question 25

Immunology

Answer 25

-Study of complex web of protective substances and cells produced in response to infection (vaccination, blood testing, allergy) -Role of immune system in cancer and autoimmune diseases.

Question 26

Industrial Microbiology

Answer 26

-safeguards our food and water. -Biotechnology -Microbes used to create amino acids, beer, drugs, enzymes and vitamins

Question 27

Agricultural Microbiology

Answer 27

Relationships between microbes and domesticated plants and animals

Question 28

Environmental Microbiology

Answer 28

Effect of microbes on the Earths diverse habitats

Question 29

Eukaryotes

Answer 29

-Cell with a true nucleus -Plants, animals, fungi, algae, protozoans

Question 30

Prokaryotes/Akaryotes

Answer 30

-Cells that have no nucleus -Bacteria -Archaea

Question 31

Bioremediation

Answer 31

Introduction of microbes into the environment to restore stability or clean up toxic pollutants

Question 32

Biotechnology

Answer 32

Manipulation of microorganisms to make products in an industrial setting

Question 33

Genetic Engineering

Answer 33

Manipulates genes of microbes, plants and animals for purpose of creating new products and genetically modified organisms (GMO'S)

Question 34

Recombinant DNA Technology

Answer 34

Technique that allows the transfer of genetic material from one organism to another and alter DNA

Question 35

Pathogen

Answer 35

any agent such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or hilminth that causes disease

Question 36

Diseases most commonly caused by pathogens

Answer 36

Influenza, pneumonia, diarrheal diseases and tuberculosis