Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

(52 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Theory

A

an explanation of why and how a behavior occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Confirmation Bias

A

a tendency to interpret people’s behavior in a way that supports our expectations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pseudo-psychology

A

psychological information or conclusions that sound scientific but have not been systematically tested using the scientific method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Critical Thinking

A

thought processes used to evaluate and analyze information and apply it to other situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prediction

A

an expected outcome of how variables will relate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hypothesis

A

an educated guess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Meta-Analyses

A

research procedures that combine the findings from several scientific studies on the same question or topic to establish the reliability of the findings, observe any overall trends, and resolve any discrepancies among the research studies (A study using other studies).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Predictive Hypothesis

A

an educated guess about the relationships among variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causal Hypothesis

A

an educated guess about how one variable will influence another variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Population of Interest

A

the entire universe of animals or people that could be studied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sample

A

the portion of the population of interest that is selected for a study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Naturalistic Observations

A

research studies conducted in the environment in which the behavior typically occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Case Study

A

an in-depth observation of one or a few participants or settings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Generalizability

A

how well a researcher’s findings apply to other individuals and situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Surveys

A

research methods that ask a large group of people about their attitudes, beliefs, and/or behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Correlation

A

the relationship between two or more variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Positive Correlation

A

a relationship in which increases in one variable correspond to INCREASE in the other variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Negative Correlation

A

a relationship in which increases in one variable correspond to DECREASES in the other variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Experiment

A

a research method that is used to test causal hypotheses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Independent Variable

A

the variable in an experiment that is manipulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Dependent Variable

Study These Flashcards
A

the variable in an experiment that measures any effect of the manipulation

22
Q

Experimental Group

Study These Flashcards
A

the group of participants who receive the manipulation that is being tested

23
Q

Control Group

Study These Flashcards
A

the group of participants who do not receive the manipulation that is being tested

24
Q

Placebo Effect

Study These Flashcards
A

a measurable change in participants’ behavior due to the expectation or belief that a treatment will have certain effects

25
Double-blind Studies
experiments in which neither the experimenters nor the participants know to which group (experimental or control) participants have been assigned
26
Confounding Variables
factors other than the independent variable that affect the dependent measure
27
Random Assignment
a method of assigning participants in which they have an equal chance of being placed in any group or condition of the study
28
Quasi-experiment
a research study that is not a true experiment because participants are not randomly assigned to the different conditions
29
Institutional Review Board (IRB)
a committee that reviews research proposals to ensure that ethical standards have been met
30
Informed Consent
the ethical principle that research participants be told about various aspects of the study, including any risks, before agreeing to participate
31
Confidentiality
the ethical principle that researchers do not reveal which data were collected from which participant
32
Debriefing
the ethical principle that participants be fully informed of the nature of the study after participating in research involving deception
33
Structuralism
an early psychological perspective concerned with identifying the basic elements of experience
34
Introspection
observing one’s own thoughts, feelings, or sensations
35
Empirical
based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic
36
Biological Perspective
an approach that focuses on physical causes of behavior
37
Neuroscience
a field of science that investigates the relationships between the nervous system and behavior/mental processes
38
Functionalism
an early psychological perspective concerned with how behavior helps people adapt to their environment
39
Evolutionary Perspective
an approach that focuses on how evolution and natural selection influence behavior
40
Psychoanalytic Theory
Sigmund Freud’s view that emphasizes the influence of unconscious desires and conflicts on behavior
41
Psychodynamic Perspective
an approach that focuses on internal unconscious mental processes, motives, and desires that may explain behavior
42
Behaviorism
a psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of observable stimuli, responses, and consequences
43
Stimulus
any object or event that is perceived by our senses
44
Response
an organism’s reaction to a stimulus
45
Behavioral Perspective
an approach that focuses on external, environmental influences on behavior
46
Sociocultural Perspective
an approach that focuses on societal and cultural factors that may influence behavior
47
Humanism
a psychological perspective that emphasizes the personal growth and potential of humans
48
Humanistic Perspective
an approach that focuses on how peoples' view of themselves and the world influence behavior
49
Cognition
mental processes such as reasoning and problem-solving
50
Cognitive Perspective
an approach that focuses on how mental processes influence behavior
51
Positive Psychology
the study of factors that contribute to happiness, positive emotions, and well-being
52
Eclectic Approach
an approach that integrates and combines several perspectives when explaining behavior

Psychology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions