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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the first level of organization?

A

chemical level

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2
Q

what is the second level of organization?

A

cellular level

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3
Q

what is the third level of organization?

A

tissue level

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4
Q

what is the fourth level of organization?

A

organ level

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5
Q

what is the fifth level of organization?

A

organ system level

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6
Q

what is the sixth level of organization?

A

organismal level

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7
Q

what are the six levels of organization in order?

A

chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level

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8
Q

what is the anatomical position?

A

legs together, arms out to side, palms forward

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9
Q

what is the other word for anterior?

A

ventral

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10
Q

what is the other word for posterior?

A

dorsal

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11
Q

the toes are ________________ to the heel

A

anterior/ventral

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11
Q

what is another word for superior?

A

cranial

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12
Q

the back of the knee is ________________ to the patella

A

posterior/dorsal

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13
Q

what is another word for inferior?

A

caudal

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14
Q

the head is ________________ to the chest

A

superior/cranial

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15
Q

the coccyx is _______________ to the abdomen

A

inferior/caudal

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16
Q

further from midline

A

laterial

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17
Q

the thumb is _______ to the fingers

A

lateral

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18
Q

towards the midline

A

medial

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19
Q

the big toe is the ______ toe

A

medial

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20
Q

towards the attachment point; ONLY LIMBS

A

proximal

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21
Q

the upper arm is ________ to the forearm

A

proximal

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22
Q

away from the attachment point; ONLY LIMBS

A

distal

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23
Q

the hand is ______ to the forearm

A

distal

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24
closer to the surface
superficial
25
the skin is ___________ to the muscles
superficial
26
towards the interior
deep
27
the bones are ____ to the skin
deep
28
face down orientation
prone
29
face up orientation
supine
30
single view/slice on a plane; used for scans
section
31
what is another word for the frontal plane?
coronal plane
32
what divides something into anterior and posterior parts?
frontal/coronal plane
33
what vertically divides a structure into right and left sides?
saggital plane
34
what scan goes right down the middle?
midsaggital scan
35
what scan does NOT go right down the middle?
parasaggital scan
36
what horizontally divides a structure into superior and inferior portions?
transverse plane
37
what is a closed, fluid-filled space in the body?
body cavity
38
what is a body cavity lined with?
serous membrane
39
what are organs also called?
viscera
40
what is the purpose of body cavities?
protect viscera, allow for movement, absorb shock
41
what serous membrane covers the organs?
visceral serosa
42
what serous membrane lines the inner surface of the body wall?
parietal serosa
43
what is in between the two layers of serosa?
serous fluid
44
what is the purpose of serous fluid?
moisten membranes, reduce friction during organ movements
45
what body cavity is deep to the chest wall?
thoracic cavity
46
what divides the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?
diaphragm
47
what is the purpose of the diaphragm?
allows for respiration
48
what cavities in the thoracic cavity surroounds the lungs?
left and right pleural cavities
49
what cavity in the thoracic cavity surrounds the heart?
pericardial cavity
50
what is the mass of connective tissue that supports the trachea, esophagus, thymus, and major blood vessels of the heart?
mediastinum
51
what membranes do the pluera have?
visceral and parietal pleura
52
what membranes does the pericardium have?
visceral and parietal
53
what is unique about the parietal layer of the serous pericardium?
linees the mediastinum
54
how is the abdominopelvic cavity divided?
superior abdominal cavity and the inferior pelvic cavity
55
what is the peritoneal cavity lined by?
peritoneum
56
what are the two layers of the peritoneum?
visceral peritoneum and parietal peritoneum
57
what is unique about the parietal peritoneum?
lines most digestive organs
58
what is an organ NOT in the peritoneum called?
retroperitoneal
59
what organs are retroperitoneal?
kidneys, pancreas
60
what contains the bladder, reproductive organs, distal portion of the large intestine, and inferior portion of the peritoneal cavity?
pelvic cavity
61
what defines the middle of the quadrants of the body trunk?
the navel
62
what are the names of the quadrants of the body trunk?
right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant
63
how is the surgical regions of the body trunk divided?
horizontal above and below the navel, vertical from the clavicle
64
what is the top right region of the body trunk?
right hypochondriac region
65
what is the top middle region of the body trunk?
epigastric region
66
what is the top left region of the body trunk?
left hypochondriac region
67
what is the middle right region of the body trunk?
right lumbar region
68
what is in the center region of the body trunk?
umbilical region
69
what is in the middle left region of the body trunk?
left lumbar region
70
what is in the bottom right region of the body trunk?
right iliac region
71
what is in the bottom middle region of the body trunk?
hypogastric region
72
what is in the bottom left region of the body trunk?
left iliac region
73
what is maintaining a stable internal environment?
homeostasis
74
what does the body need to be able to do to maintain proper function?
respond to internal and external changes
75
what are the three parts of homeostasis?
receptor, control center, effector
76
what part of homeostasis detects the stimulus or environmental change?
receptor
77
what part of homeostasis recieves and proccesses info from receptors AND sends out commands?
control center
78
what part of homeostasis responds to commands from the control center?
effector
79
what is the desired value range called?
set point
80
what responds to a stimulus by opposing or negating the change?
negative feedback homeostasis
81
what responds to a stimulus by intensifying and amplifying it?
positive feedback homeostasis
82
in a stressful situation that needs to be completed quickly, what feedback is normally used?
positive feedback homeostasis
83
if skin tears and causes bleeding, what feedback is used and why?
positive feedback homeostasis to induce quick clotting
84
which feedback has a definitive endpoint?
positive feedback homeostasis

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (6 decks)

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