Chapter 1

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

the study of the structure of the human body

Question 2

What is Physiology?

Answer 2

the study of how organisms function

Question 3

What is histology?

Answer 3

microscopic anatomy

Question 4

what is cytology?

Answer 4

the study of the internal structure of individual cells

Question 5

what is gross anatomy?

Answer 5

the study of the human body seen by the naked eye

Question 6

what is the hierarchy of the human body? (smallest to largest)

Answer 6

atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 7

what is an example of an atom?

Answer 7

oxygen, hydrogen, any element

Question 8

what is an example of a molecule?

Answer 8

H2O (water), C6H12O6 (glucose), N2 (nitrogen), NaCl (table salt)

Question 9

what is an example of a macromolecule?

Answer 9

nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates

Question 10

what is an example of a organelle?

Answer 10

endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth), ribosome, nucleus, mitochondria, golgi apparatus, lysosomes

Question 11

what is an example of a cell?

Answer 11

leukocyte, erythrocyte, neurons, adipocytes, fibroblasts,

Question 12

what is an example of a tissue?

Answer 12

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nerve tissue

Question 13

what is an example of an organ?

Answer 13

kidney, liver, stomach, brain, skin, bladder,

Question 14

what is an example of an organ system?

Answer 14

nervous, muscular, skeletal, digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, lymphatic, urinary, reproductive, integumentary

Question 15

what is anatomical position?

Answer 15

the patient is facing forwards with palms forward.

Question 16

why do we use anatomical postion?

Answer 16

to make it easier on everyone in talking about the patient as if they were in anatomical position

Question 17

superior/inferior

Answer 17

above/below

Question 18

anterior/posterior

Answer 18

front/back

Question 19

proximal/distal

Answer 19

near/far from the point of attachment

Question 20

what is the other words for anterior/posterior?

Answer 20

ventral/dorsal

Question 21

medial/lateral

Answer 21

middle/outside

Question 22

flexion/extension

Answer 22

decrease angle/increase angle

Question 23

abduction/adduction

Answer 23

away from the midline/closer to the midline (limbs)

Question 24

frontal/coronal plane

Answer 24

separates into anterior/posterior

Question 25

sagittal plane

Answer 25

separates left and right halves of the body

Question 25

midsagittal plane

Answer 25

separates into equal halves

Question 26

parasagittal plane

Answer 26

unequal halves

Question 27

transverse plane

Answer 27

cross section, separates superior and inferior

Question 28

homeostasis

Answer 28

the body's ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and thereby maintain a relatively stable internal condition

Question 29

what is the body's goal?

Answer 29

to maintain a stable internal invironment

Question 30

what is dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 30

when two opposed forces are in balance

Question 31

what is an example of dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 31

when body temp goes down and body heat production rises

Question 32

what happens when homeostasis is not maintained?

Answer 32

disease and/or death

Question 33

autoregulation and an example

Answer 33

process that occurs when a cell, tissue or organ adjusts in response to come environmental change, ex: when oxygen is low in the region the blood vessels dilate to increase blood flow

Question 34

extrinsic regulation

Answer 34

process that results from the activites of the nervous sytem or endocrine system

Question 35

what are the 3 parts to the homeostatic mechanism

Answer 35

receptor, control ccenter, effector

Question 36

receptor

Answer 36

sensor that is senstitive to a particular stimulus or environmental change

Question 37

control center

Answer 37

receives and processes the information supplied by the receptor and sends out commands

Question 38

effector

Answer 38

a cell or organ that responds to the commands of the control center and whose activity either opposes or enhances the stimuli

Question 39

negative feedback

Answer 39

when the body counteracts change

Question 40

positive feedback

Answer 40

when the body amplifies change

Question 41

what is an example of negative feedback?

Answer 41

thermoregulation

Question 42

what is an example of positive feedback loop?

Answer 42

birth and contractions