Chapter 1 Flashcards
(17 cards)
Scientific Method
- Developing a research question
- Forming a hypothesis
- Gathering Evidence
- Drawing Conclusions
Psychology
scientific study of thought and behavior.
Contemporary perspectives in Psychology
-Psychoanalytic
-Behavioral
-Humanistic
-Cognitive
Psychoanalytic Perspective
Neo-Freudians, psychodynamic theorists who have followed the Freudian tradition, tend to place less emphasis on basic drives like sex and aggression and more emphasis on processes of self awareness, self direction, and concious choice.
Behavioral Perspective
The belief that environmental influences determine behavior, and that psychology should restrict itself to the study of observable behavior. (Watson and Skinner)
Humanistic Perspective
The school of psychology that believes that free will and concious choice are essential aspects of the human experience. ( Abraham Maslow and Carl Rodgers believe psychology should focus on concious experiences, even if subjective.
Cognitive Perspective
An approach to the study of psychology that focuses on the processes by which we acquire knowledge. ( study mental processes, thinking, learning, memory, use of language, and problem solving.
Subfeilds of Psych.
School psych, industrial/organizational, forensic, consumer, sports psych.
Education
-Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
-Doctor of Psychology (PsD)
-Education (EdD)
Case Study Method
in depth study of one or more individuals. Information drawn from interviews, observation, or written records. Jean Piaget used this theory.
Survey Method
gather info from target groups of people using structed interviews or questionnaires.
Population
a population represents the total group of people who are the subjects of interest. asample is a segment of the population.
Naturalistic Observation
based on careful observation of behavior in natural settings.
Correlational Method
used to examine relationships between variables which are expressed in the form of a statistical measure called a correlation coefficient. vary from -1.00 to +1.00
Experimental Method (1 of 2)
involes the manipulation of independent variables and observation or measurement of their effects on dependent variables under controlled conditions. Allows researchers to explore cause and effect relationships.
Experimental Method (2 of 2)
A well designed experiment will use random assignment to place participants into either the experimental or control groups.
Placebo
is typically given to participants in control groups during drug studies to control for placebo effects.
