Chapter 4

Question 1

Cicadian Rhythm

Answer 1

Many of our bodily processes fluctuate according to a 24 hour cycle of day and night. sleep-wake cycle, hormone secretion, and blood pressure.

Question 2

Jet Lag

Answer 2

disturbance of sleep, after traveling between different time zones

Question 3

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

Answer 3

a device used to study and monitor the brain at sleep, tracks brain waves which vary in amplitude and frequency

Question 4

Stage 1 of sleep cycle

Answer 4

small irregular waves with varying frequencies, can be easily awakened and may not realize they were sleeping.

Question 5

Stage 2 of sleep cycle

Answer 5

begins app. 2 mins after stage 1, and is characterized by bursts of brain wave activity with spindle shaped waves, this is deeper sleep but the sleeper can be easily awakened.

Question 6

Stage 3 and 4

Answer 6

called delta sleep or slow-wave sleep (SWS), characterized by large, slow brain waves, called delta waves.

Question 7

REM sleep

Answer 7

after stage 4, the sleeper breifly recycles through stage 3 and 2 and then enters rapid eye movement sleep (REM) , most dreams occur in this cycle.

Question 8

which sleep cycle blocks muscle activity?

Answer 8

REM , despite a high level of brain activity, muscle activity is blocked to the point that the person is almost paralyzed. Prevents injuries.

Question 9

Sleep Deprivation

Answer 9

mood alteration, decreased self esteem, reduced concentration, reduced motivation, increased irritability, lapses in attention, reduced motor skills, increased cortisol (stress)

Question 10

Sleep-Wake disorders

Answer 10

insomnia, nnarcolepsy, sleep apnea,nightmare disorder, sleep terror disorder, sleepwalking disorder

Question 10

Psychoactive Drugs

Answer 10

drugs that act on the brain to affect emotional or mental states. They affect mood, thought processes, perceptions, and behavior.

Question 11

Depressants

Answer 11

drugs that reduce the central nervous system activity, which in turn slows down heart rate and respiratory rate. Alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers, and opioids.

Question 12

Stimulants

Answer 12

Drugs that activate the central nervous system, amphetamines, Cocaine, MDMA (Ecstasy), Nicotine, Caffeine

Question 13

Amphetamines

Answer 13

boots mental alertness, reduces need for sleep, induces pleasure rush, loss of appetite

Question 14

Cocaine

Answer 14

effects similar to amphetamines, highly addictive

Question 15

MDMA (ecstasy)

Answer 15

mild euphoria and hallucinationogenic effects

Question 16

Nicotine

Answer 16

increases mental alertness, produces mild rush but paradoxically may have relaxing and calming effects

Question 17

Caffeine

Answer 17

increases mental alertness and wakefulness

Question 18

Hallucinogens

Answer 18

Drugs that alter sensory perceptions, producing hallucination or sensory distortions, LSD and Marijuana

Question 19

LSD

Answer 19

produces hallucinations and sensory distortions

Question 20

Marijuana

Answer 20

induces relaxation and mild euphoria, can produce hallucinations