Chapter 1

Question 1

What is neuroscience?

Answer 1

Study of how the nervous system functions and contributes to behavior

Question 2

How does neuroscience affect humans?

Answer 2

1. Health and quality of life
2. Creation of cultural norms
3. Development and maintenance of cognitive lives

Question 3

What are the major divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 3

CNS
PNS

Question 4

What comprises the CNS

Answer 4

Cerebrum and its lobes, brainstem and cerebellum = brain
Spinal cord

Question 5

Describe the PNS

Answer 5

Comprised of nerves that enter and exit the CNS
Divided into sensory and motor units
Motor divides into visceral and somatic

Question 6

Somatic and Visceral nerves of PNS

Answer 6

Somatic are voluntary
Visceral are autonomic/involuntary

Question 7

Afferent vs. efferent of PNS

Answer 7

Afferent = sensory system = transmitting information TO the brain
Efferent = motor system = sending information from the brain to the body (exits)

Question 8

Horizontal plane (axial)

Answer 8

Parallel to the earth
View could be either looking inferior or superior
Will see both hemispheres

Question 9

Sagittal plane

Answer 9

Runs vertical to the earth
Perfectly down midline is called midsagittal
Separates into right and left sections

Question 10

Coronal plane

Answer 10

Cut so that if you are looking at a person you would see their face or the back of their head
Cut as if ear to ear

Question 11

What is longitudinal axis of cerebrum?

Answer 11

Nose to tail
Front of brain to back of brain

Question 12

What is longitudinal axis of brainstem and spinal cord?

Answer 12

Superior to inferior
Up and down

Question 13

Dorsal and ventral of cerebrum

Answer 13

Dorsal = top of cerebrum
Ventral = toward the bottom of the cerebrum

Question 14

Dorsal and ventral of spinal cord/brainstem

Answer 14

Dorsal = toward the back (posterior)
Ventral = toward the front (anterior)

Question 15

Lateral vs medial

Answer 15

Lateral is toward extremities - away from middle of the body or to the side
E.g. - little toe is on the lateral side of the foot
Medial is toward middle - position of body close to midline
E.g. Nose is medial to the eye

Question 16

Proximal versus distal

Answer 16

Proximal describes the position of a body part towards the origin of a limb.
Distal is the opposite

Question 17

Rostral/caudral cerebrum

Answer 17

Rostral toward the front
Caudral towards the back

Question 18

Rostral/caudral spinal cord/brainstem

Answer 18

Rostral - up towards cerebrum
Caudral - away from cerebrum